大專女性不同蹲舉動作之膝關節力矩分析

Abstract

目的：探討大專女性在不同負重下，進行不同方式蹲舉時，其膝關節力矩的差異性。方法：使用動作擷取系統、測力板，擷取12名大專女性(一週有兩次運動習慣，平均年齡20.08±1.18歲，平均身高163.42±3.73公分，平均體重57.92±4.87公斤)，在1/3及1/2蹲舉時分別負重0%、25%、50%及75% 1RM的膝關節運動學及動力學情形。以重複量數二因子變異數分析比較其差異性，顯著水準定在α=.05，並以LSD進行事後比較。結果：屈曲伸展最大力矩在1/3蹲舉(0.876±0.201~1.781±0.426Nm/kg)及1/2蹲舉(0.949± 0.183~1.788±0.444Nm/kg)未達顯著差異，但隨著負重愈大，曲屈伸展最大力矩明顯變大(p<.05)；內收外展最大力矩在1/2蹲舉時(0.362±0.229~0.772±0.342Nm/kg)明顯大於1/3蹲舉(0.274±0.130~0.674±0.309Nm/kg)，且隨著負重愈大，內收外展最大力矩明顯變大(p<.05)；內旋外旋最大力矩在1/2蹲舉時(0.128±0.030~0.248±0.091Nm/kg)明顯大於1/3蹲舉(0.107±0.028~0.221±0.118Nm/kg)，雖然負重越大力矩越大(p<.05)，但負重0%與25% 1RM未達顯著差異。結論：進行蹲舉運動時，若考量膝關節傷害的可能性，可以利用1/3蹲舉替代1/2蹲舉，降低因為內收外展及內旋外旋最大力矩造成的膝關節不穩定。

Purpose: To investigate the variation of different postures and loadings of barbell squats on knee joint moment on female collegiate. Methods: The KISTER force plate and the VICON Motion Capture Systems were used to acquire 12 female collegiate’ (age: 20.08±1.18 yrs, weight: 57.92±4.87 kg, height: 163.42±3.73 cm) knee joint kinetic and kinematic data during 1/2 and 1/3 barbell squats with weighting 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% 1RM. Two-way repeated ANOVA with repeated measure and LSD post hoc comparisons (α= .05) were used for statistics. Results: The maximal moment of flexion/extension were 0.876 ± 0.201 ~ 1.781 ± 0.426 (Nm/kg) in 1/3 squats, and 0.949±0.183 ~ 1.788 ± 0.444 (Nm/kg) in 1/2 squats. There were no significant difference between two types of barbell squats; nevertheless, the loading increases as the moment increases, the maximal moment of flexion/extension significantly increased (p<.05). Adduction/ abduction moments of the knee joint were significantly greater for 1/2 squats (0.362±0.229~0.772±0.342 Nm/kg) than 1/3 squats (0.274±0.130~0.674±0.309 Nm/kg), and the loading increases as the moment increases, the maximal moment of adduction/ abduction significantly increased (p<.05). Internal/external rotation moments of the knee joint were significantly greater for 1/2 squats (0.128±0.030~0.248±0.091 Nm/kg) than 1/3 squats(0.107±0.028~0.221±0.118 Nm/kg). The loading increasesas the moment increases, the maximal moment internal/external rotation of significantly increased (p<.05) except the moment between 0% and 25% 1RM. Conclusion: This results indicated that 1/3 squat is suitable for decreasing the instability of knee due to lower adduction/ abduction and internal/ external rotation moments.