以體演文化教學法與學習策略為導向設計之近義副詞教學

Abstract

現代漢語詞彙中，副詞屬較為複雜的詞類，其意義較虛空，用法又常涉及語義、句法及語用等，因此，對於學習者來說有相當的難度。近義詞亦為中文學習者的詞彙學習難點之一，也應視為教學重點。然而「副詞」與「近義詞」的教學研究與辨析雖不少，但「近義副詞」於過往教學設計的討論甚少。本研究欲填補此研究空缺，調查中高級以上中文學習者的常用近義副詞偏誤為何。首先，從現代漢語八百詞中挑出近義副詞組，再以中研院詞頻檢索系統篩選出詞頻高的近義副詞組。從中進而以詞頻高的前二十組近義副詞為設計試題，調查出中高級以上學習者錯誤率最高的三組近義副詞，作為教學設計之目標。 除詞彙偏誤外，中文學習者在語言文化表現上的不適切性亦是問題之一。成功的語言學習應是學習者能在目的語文化環境中得體、自如地運用目的語與目的語國家的人交流。為使學習者能得體自如地運用中文，本研究遂應用吳偉克（Galal L.R. Walker）教授所主張之「體演文化教學」設計近義副詞教學，以台灣中高級以上中文學習者為對象，重視學習者學習需求，並融合學習策略入教學，提升學習者的學習策略意識，提高學習成效。 以體演文化教學觀與學習策略為導向的教學設計提高了學習者之常用近義副詞的掌握度，學習者對於此教學設計亦給予正向回饋，肯定此教學設計之價值。Chinese adverbs are a relatively complex group of words, since their usage falls between content words and functions words; therefore, they are more difficult for Chinese learners. Synonyms are another group of words that are challenging to Chinese learners, which should be seen as the teaching focus. However, Although there are researches on “adverbs” and “synonyms”, teaching designs on “adverbial synonyms” are not many. To meet the gap, this study focuses on what the most difficult frequent adverbial synonyms for intermediate to advanced learners are. The study first pick all the adverbial synonyms out from Xiandai Hanyu Babai Ci, and then examine the frequency of all sets of adverbs. The study design a test for the 20 most frequently used adverbial sets for learners to do, and the 3 sets with the highest rate of error will be the main target of the teaching design. Besides lexical errors, Chinese learners also show some cultural and language inappropriacy. A successful language learner should be able to appropriately act and speak in target language environment. The study, thus, apply “Performed Culture Approach” by Galal L.R. Walker and Oxford’s “Language Learning Strategies” to the teaching design to meet learners’ need and enhance their awareness of learning strategies in the hope of improve their learning outcome. The teaching design on Chinese adverbial synonyms based on Performed Culture Approach and Language Learning Strategies successful improve the mastery of frequently used adverbial synonyms of Chinese learners. The learners also give positive feedback toward this teaching design and show affirmation of thisresearch.