高職廣告設計科學生心流經驗之相關因素研究

Abstract

心流經驗(Flow Experience)以內在動機為基礎，闡述個體在活動情境中的正向心理經驗感受。因此，本研究旨在以「心流經驗」為理論基礎，探討影響高職廣告設計科學生創作過程內在相關的因素，包括：（一）個人背景變項在心流經驗表現之現況；（二）個體核心自我評價與心流經驗的關係；（三）個體在工作特性模式感受與心流經驗的關係；（四）個體核心自我評價與個體在工作特性模式感受與心流經驗的關係。 本研究方法採問卷調查研究法與分層隨機叢集進行抽樣，有效樣本共有893 位高職廣告設計科學生；在研究工具設計上依據Csikszentmihalyi (1996)心流經驗特徵，並參考Novak , Hoffman ,& Young(1999)心流特徵分類、Jackson and Marsh(1996)發展心流經驗量表改編成「創作心流經驗量表」，以及改編Hackman and Oldham (1975) 工作診斷調查表，Judge et al. (2003)核心自我評價發展成為「高職廣告設計科學生心流經驗之相關因素調查問卷」，並透過描述性統計、驗證性因素分析、信度分析、t 考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、多元迴歸分析進行量表與研究假設的驗證。 本研究經實證結果發現：高職廣告設計科學生創作過程中，個人背景變項在年級別、參與設計競賽次數、半年內專業實習課程對心流經驗具有顯著差異，其中年級別愈高、參與設計競賽次數愈多，以及投入專業實習課程愈投入者其心流經驗亦愈高；此外，核心自我評價、工作任務特性均對心流經驗具有顯著差異，其中高核心自我評價的學生與工作任務特性者愈明確其心流經驗表現相對愈佳，而且對心流經驗產生正向效果之影響。 最後，本研究冀望未來高職廣告設計科教師與學校主管機關在進行教學時更能提高學生的學習動機，依研究結果提出後續相關之建議。Flow Experience based on inner motivation explains the positive mental experience of an individual in the scenario of activity.Therefore, by using Flow Experience as theoretical foundation, the purpose of this research tries to explore the inner relating factors that might influence the process of creation of students of Advertisement Design Department of Vocation High School. Such inner relating factors include personal background, individual core self-evaluation, core job dimension. In methodology, this research uses method of questionnaire and random sampling. The effective samples include 893 students and the returning rate of effective sample is 96.46％. The design of research instrument is based on Csikszentmihalyi’s Characteristics of Flow Experience and takes Jackson and marsh’s Sort of Characteristics of Flow Experience for reference. A Chart of Flow Experience in Creation is invented by adapting Jackson and March’s Developing Flow Experience Chart, Hackman and Oldham (1975) Developing Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS),and Judge et al. (2003) Developing Core Self-Evaluations(CSE). A Questionnaire on Relating Factors of Flow Experience about Students of Advertisement Design Department of Vocation High School is also invented by adapting the Jackson and Marsh’Developing Flow Experience Chart. The questionnaire and the hypotheses of the research are tested by descriptive statistics method, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and analysis of credibility, t-test, one-way ANOVA analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The research demonstrates that in the process of creation of students from Advertisement Design Department, judging from academic year, times of participation in design competition, and professional practical training course during the nearest half year, the variable of personal background making a remarkable difference in Flow Experience. The much higher the academic year, much more times in participating in competition, and more devoted to professional practical training course, the much higher the Flow Experience will be. Besides, Students with high core self-evaluation will perform better in Flow Experience. High core self-evaluation and specific task characteristic have a positive effect in Flow Experience. At last, it is hoped that in the future the teachers in Advertisement Design Department of Vocation High Schools and authorities concerned can stimulate students’motivation of learning in the process of teaching and propose relative suggestions according to the result of research.