當中年期遇上青春期：父母敘說教養青春期階段子女的經驗

Abstract

本研究旨在探討子女青春期階段父母的教養經驗，以及教養經驗的轉變歷程。考量教養存在社會階層化的差異，因此選擇較善於吸收新知的高教育程度父母為研究對象，期望瞭解他們面對教養關鍵事件時的選擇與因應。

本研究採取質性研究方法，並以敘事探究為研究策略，深度訪談長子或長女目前正就讀大一的父母親共四對，研究結果如下--體會正向感受的教養經驗有：運用經濟資源、自我經驗、外界資源協助子女獲得最佳發展；經常走入子女的世界、給予鼓勵支持陪伴、營造親子專屬時刻、經常親暱摟抱建立緊密關係；親子雙向溝通、父母分工合作。體會負向感受的教養經驗有：關注子女不理想的課業或升學表現；擔心同儕環境的不良影響；監管不當使用網路、手機與生活行為。從子女國中至高中，父母的教養經驗轉變歷程並無一致的趨勢，期間會隨著子女的態度與行為或父母面臨的生活事件產生多次轉折--從生命圖表中教養經驗的滿意感受變化來看，在此七年內，四對父母中有的歷經高低交錯且落差明顯的轉變；有的父母雖也時高時低但落差不大且多偏向高自評；還有的父母自始至終近乎維持穩定的偏高自評；另有的父母呈現一路上揚、漸入佳境的轉變樣貌。子女上了大學後，四對父母都因為子女進入理想的大學校系與成熟表現一致體會到最佳滿意感受的教養經驗。

最後，根據研究結果，對青春期子女的父母、青春期子女、家庭教育工作者、學校教師、企業決策者、及未來研究者提出相關建議，以供參考。This study aims to explore parenting experiences of raising adolescents, and transitional processes of the parenting experiences. After considering the differences in parenting within various social strata, highly educated parents were selected as objects of the study due to their receptiveness to new knowledge. The goal was to observe their choice and reaction when they faced parenting key events.

This study adopted qualitative research methods and narrative inquiry as its research strategy, conducting in-depth interviews with four pair of parents whose oldest son or daughter was a university freshman student at the time. Results of this study were as follows：positive emotional parenting experiences include using financial resources, personal experience, and external resources to help their son or daughter achieve the greatest development；frequently entering into the child’s world , give encouragement, create quality times, and give close hugs to establishing close relationship; adopting two-way communication between parents and their adolescent child, and sharing of the parenting workload between mother and father. Negative parenting experiences include excessive attention to the child’s underachievement；worrying about bad influences from the child’s peer group; monitoring improper usage of Internet and cellphone, as well as other life behaviors. From the time that the children were in junior high until senior high school, there was no consistent trend for the transitional process that occurred in the parenting experience. During this time, the parenting experience arose many transition following the child’s attitude and behavior, as well as the situations faced by the parents in their own lives. The life chart of changes in satisfaction regarding one’s parenting experience shows that：During these seven years, among the four pair of parents, some parents with alternating highs and lows experienced a steep variation during this time, some parents also experienced ups and downs but the variation were not as significant and they had a higher self-evaluation,still other parents seemed to maintain a generally high self-evaluation from the start to the end,additionally,some parents were on a path of steady improvement, with the changes leading to better and better circumstances. After the children started attending university, the four pair of parents all felt similar satisfaction regarding their parenting experience because the children were able to get into their ideal universities and demonstrated maturity.

Finally, based on these results, this study puts relevant suggestions to serve as a reference for parents of adolescents, adolescents , family education workers, school teachers, business policymakers, and future researchers.