新北市某國小中高年級學童餐後潔牙行為意圖及相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究應用健康信念模式加入自我效能理論，探討國小學童餐後潔牙行為意圖及相關因素研究。研究對象為108學年度第一學期就讀新北市某 國小中高年級學生，採自填問卷調查，取得有效問卷322份，回收率95.5%，研究結果如下： 一、研究對象之「口腔保健知識」、「自覺罹患齲齒的可能性」「自覺罹患齲齒的嚴重性」、「餐後潔牙利益性」、「餐後潔牙行動線索」認知偏向中上程度；「餐後潔牙障礙性」認知偏向低程度。 二、研究對象之口腔保健知識，四年級優於高年級，五年級優於六年級，擔任幹部、導師的潔牙指導、正確使用貝氏刷牙法刷牙有顯著差異。建立完整性教學，以強化齲齒疾病及潔牙保健的認知。 三、研究對象之餐後潔牙健康信念，認知為中上程度，由自覺罹患齲齒之嚴重性、自覺餐後潔牙行為利益性方面，四年級比高年級有認同感，而自覺餐後潔牙行為障礙，以高年級比中年級有障礙。研究顯出班級潔牙狀況和研究對象之餐後潔牙信念有顯著相關性，提升教師口腔保健素養為導向，建立學童有正確潔牙的態度。 四、研究對象之「餐後潔牙行為自我效能」、「餐後潔牙行為意圖」，顯示為中等程度，高社經地位家庭其餐後潔牙行為自我效能表現顯優，四年級學童餐後潔牙行為自我效能優於高年級學童、五年級餐後潔牙行為意圖優於四、六年級學童。研究顯出班級推動潔牙、導師指導刷牙以及正確的潔牙方法與餐後潔牙行為效能及行為意圖有正相關，在學校執行餐後潔牙是勢在必行的健康行為活動。 五、研究經複迴歸分析結果，研究對象之「班級有推動含氟牙膏刷牙」、、「班級主要潔牙地點」、「餐後潔牙行動線索」、「餐後潔牙自我效能」呈現顯著相關，對「餐後潔牙行為意圖」的解釋變異量為48.5%，其中以「餐後潔牙自我效能」最具影響力。This study applied the health belief model and self-efficacy theory to explore the intention and related factors of post-prandial tooth cleaning behaviors in primary school children. The research objects were 4th,5th and 6th grade students enrolled in a primary school in New Taipei City in the first semester of 2019 academic year. Self-administered questionnaire survey was applied and a total of 322 valid questionnaires were obtained with a recovery rate of 95.5%. The followings are results of the study: 1. The participants' knowledge of "oral health knowledge", "the possibility of consciously suffering from dental decay", "the severity of consciously suffering from dental decay", "the benefit of cleaning teeth after meals", and "the clues of action after cleaning teeth" ara in middle-high level. The perception of "after-meal tooth cleaning disorder" tends to be low. 2. The fourth grader's oral health knowledge is better than the 5th and 6th grader; whereas the 5th grader is better than the 6th grader. There are significant differences in oral health knowledge for students with cadre experiences, with teacher instruction, and with correctuse of the Bayesian brushing method. Comprehensive oral health teaching is needed to strengthen cognition of caries disease and dental care. 3. The participants' postprandial dental cleaning is good. Fourth graders' awareness of the seriousness of caries, and the benefit of post-prandial tooth cleaning are better than senior graders. Senior graders have more trouble in post-prandial tooth cleaning. There is a significant correlation between participants' teeth cleansing status and their belief in cleansing teeth after meals. Therefore, enhance teacher's oral health literacy can help students to establish correct attitude of cleaning teeth. 4. Participants' "self-efficiency in post-meal tooth-cleaning behavior" and "intention of post-meal tooth-cleaning behavior" are in moderate level. Participants' families with high socioeconomic status have excellent self-efficiency in post-meal tooth-cleaning behavior. Forth graders' self-efficacy of post-meal tooth cleaning behavior is better than those senior graders. Fifth graders' intention of post-meal tooth cleaning behavior is better than the 4th and 6th grade students. Our research showed tooth cleaning promotion, brush instruction and correct tooth cleaning methods are positively correlated to post-meal tooth cleaning performance and behavioral intentions. Post-meal tooth cleaning at school is an imperative healthy behavioral activity. 5.Multiple regression analysis showed that "fluoride toothpaste brushing","teeth cleaning site", "teeth cleaning action clues" and "after meal teeth cleaning self efficacy" are significantly correlated to teeth cleaning behavior intention and can explain 48.5% of the variation. Among all the factors, "after meal teeth cleaning self efficacy" is the most influential.