個別化設計發展3D列印輔具於高中自閉症學生食物製備課程方案之功能表現與滿意度評估

Abstract

自閉症學生除了在溝通、社會互動能力有困難，亦存在運動缺損問題。精細動作及粗大動作表現，皆有落後同年齡者的情況，亦有可能影響其日常生活工具之操作。根據統計顯示，高中階段之自閉症學生，選讀餐飲服務科的人數為大宗。餐飲服務科之學習內容，即包含切割食材，研究者亦發現，部分自閉症學生在操作刀具上，有動作不流暢的情形。然而，目前較少有研究，針對自閉症學生需求，發展相關輔具，以確認個別化設計輔具，對於自閉症學生切割食材表現之影響。其中3D列印技術之特性，即能在較低的成本下，發展個別化設計輔具。故本研究欲使用3D列印技術，針對高中自閉症學生之需求，發展個別化設計發展刀具握柄。研究方法則採單一個案研究法之交替介入實驗設計，建立3D列印技術個別化設計刀具握柄之發展流程，並確認自閉症學生切割食材之功能表現與滿意度為何，其中功能表現，係指學生切菜速度及切菜品質之表現。實驗約耗時２個月，3D列印刀具握柄歷經5次的調整，而實驗結果表示：一、3D列印列印技術能應用於發展個別化設計刀具握柄。二、自閉症學生使用3D列印刀具握柄能提升其切菜速度。三、評估切菜品質時，受試者出現天花板效應，故較難評斷自閉症學生使用3D列印刀具握柄對於切菜品質的影響。研究者推測為實驗設計中之輔助線設計影響所致。四、自閉症學生對於使用3D列印刀具握柄的滿意度，於各項度皆為「極滿意」，具正向態度。本研究針對研究對象、研究工具、研究設計，以及3D列印刀具之設計提出建議，供未來相關研究者作為參考。期待3D列印技術能更廣泛應用於不同身心障礙者之輔具發展。Autistic students not only face difficulties in communication and social interaction but also experience motor skill deficits. Both fine and gross motor skills tend to lag behind their peers, potentially impacting their use of everyday tools. According to statistics, a significant number of high school students with autism study in Department of Food and Beverage Services. Their curriculum includes tasks such as cutting food, and researcher have observed that some autistic students exhibit unsmooth movements when using knives. However, there is currently limited research addressing the specific needs of autistic students and developing related assistive tools to assess the impact of individualized design aids on their performance in cutting food. The characteristics of 3D printing technology, which enable the development of personalized assistive tools at a lower cost. Therefore, the research aims to use 3D printing technology to develop individualized designs for knife handles tailored to the needs of high school autistic students. The research methodology adopts a single-case experimental design with alternating interventions, establishing a development process for 3D-printed individualized knife handles. The study also confirmed the functional performance and satisfaction of autistic students in using the 3D-printed knife. the performance metrics including cutting speed and cutting quality. The experiment took approximately two months, involving five adjustments to the 3D-printed knife handles, and the results of the study indicate:1. 3D printing technology is successfully applied to develop personalized knife handles.2.Autistic students using 3D-printed knife handles show improved cutting speed.3.Evaluating cutting quality proves challenging due to a ceiling effect, potentially influenced by the design of auxiliary lines in the experiment.4.Autistic students express high satisfaction and a positive attitude toward using 3D-printed knife handles.This study provides recommendations for the research subjects, research tools, research design, and the design of 3D-printed knives, serving as a reference for future researchers. We hope that 3D printing technology can be more widely applied in the development of assistive devices for individuals with various disabilities.