中西文化的思想轉化：張彭春教育思想與實踐之探究

Abstract

主導聯合國《世界人權宣言》制定並對中國現代話劇貢獻良多的張彭春，在教育學界頗被忽視。本研究運用張彭春所有著作，包含過去相關研究未注意到的《張彭春清華日記》作為研究史料，探究曾帶領清華學堂改制為清華大學的張彭春其教育思想，並分析張彭春教育思想中的中西方文化。研究發現，張彭春結束求學生涯後仍努力研究西方知識與中國傳統文化，並嘗試將中西文化透過比較方法將思想轉化，使中國教育現代化。而中西文化思想轉化後，最終幫助張彭春宣揚中國文化，並在《世界人權宣言》起草過程中展現深厚的儒家素養。本研究最後建議：一、張彭春的思想來源包含多元的中西方知識，不應片面強調。二、在教育思想上，張彭春可作為實踐「中西文化思想轉化」的代表。三、張彭春在《世界人權宣言》起草過程中展現的儒家素養，源自於其學成返國後自身努力的追求。Peng Chun Chang (or P.-C. Chang) was the Chinese delegate who led the enactment of “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights” at the United Nations. In addition, he has made great contributions to modern Chinese drama. However, he was a widely neglected scholar in the field of education. This study analyzes all P.-C. Chang’s writings, speeches, and the widely neglected P.-C. Chang’s Tsinghua Diary. This research explores the educational thoughts of P.-C. Chang, who had led the Tsinghua College, became Tsinghua University. This study also analyzes the Chinese and Western culture in P.-C. Chang’s educational thoughts. This article discovers that even after he ended his school career, P.-C. Chang had still work hard on Western knowledge and Chinese culture. He had also tried to transform thoughts between Chinese and Western culture through comparative method, bring education for modernization in China. The transformation of thought between Chinese and Western culture, eventually helped P.-C. Chang able to promote Chinese culture to the world, and helped him present his profound Confucius thoughts to “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” This study developed three conclusions. 1. P.-C. Chang’s thoughts came from multiple Chinese and Western thoughts, none of which should be overemphasized. 2. P.-C. Chang was the practitioner of the transformation of thought between Chinese and Western culture, in educational thoughts. 3. The profound Confucius thoughts that P.-C. Chang presented in the drafting process of “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” was came from P.-C. Chang’s self-effort after he came back to China.