台北平溪台灣閩南語調查研究

Abstract

摘 要

本文採用田野調查法與文獻蒐集法，以傳統語言學及地理語言學的方式進行研究，探討平溪鄉閩南語的歷時性與共時性的語言變化。本文研究的目的(一)記錄平溪鄉老年層的語言音系，比較高雄普通腔與三峽偏泉腔之語音與詞彙的差異。(二)藉由詞彙的調查比較，整理出南北語音的差異與特殊詞彙。(三)從三世代的語音與詞彙的使用了解世代間的差異，以及平溪方言未來發展的趨勢。 本文將從語言接觸的角度與地理之間的交互關係，探究語言的轉移與語言的流失現象。調查的範圍包括平溪鄉十二個行政區，三世代共32位發音人，本文的結論:(一)從調查得知平溪閩南話屬偏泉腔，具有安溪腔的特色，與台灣閩南話普通腔的語音與詞彙的比較，發現主要受到普通腔與宜蘭漳州腔的影響。(二)從三點語音與詞彙的比較，得知地理分佈與語言接觸之間的關係，發現普通腔是從薯榔方向逐漸滲透，而漳腔是從新寮方向向內延伸。(三)從三世代的詞彙比較可以看出，中年層的變化並不大，而青年層則急速變化，主要原因是受到華語教育以及語言態度的影響。

關鍵詞: 平溪 閩南語 安溪腔 語言接觸

Abstract

This research is to study the diachronic and synchronic language shift of Minnan dialect(Hokkien dielect) in Ping-Si (Pingxi) Township, Taipei County, using fieldwork methodology and literature-collection and studying from the aspect of classical linguistic and geographical dialectology. The aim of this research is to 1) record the phonology of the elder generation in Ping-Si Township and study the discrepancies in phonology and vocabulary usage between Koahsiung general tone and Sansia close quan-zhou tone. 2) Document the phonetic differences and distinctive words and phrases in southern and northern areas. 3) Investigate the linguistic deviation in generations from the usage of phoneme and vocabulary in three generations; foresee the trend of Ping-Si dialect.

The research is to investigate the language shift and language lost in the aspect of language contact and the geographical interactions. The survey objects are thirty two interviewees covering three generations in overall twelve districts of Ping-Si Township. The conclusions of this survey are summarized: 1) the Minnan dialect in Ping-Si Township is close Quan-zhou, drifting along An-Si tone. While comparing with general tone in Taiwanese Minnan dialect, it shows that the Ping-Si dialect is mainly affected by the Taipei general tone and Gilan Zhang-zhou tone. 2) The relationship between language contact and geographical distribution is analyzed through the comparison of phonemes and vocabulary. It is found that the Taiwan general tone is gradually infiltrating from Shulang and Zhang-zhou tone is infilterating from Sin-liau and then moving inwards. 3) From the comparison among three generations, the vocabulary usage in middle-aged generation didn’t change much, where as a rapid change was observed in young generation. This phenomenon mainly results from the modern Chinese language education system and young generation’s attitudes toward language.

Keywords: Ping-Si, Minnan, An-Si tone, language contact