青少年偏差行為的異質性軌跡分析：社會支持及個人特質的影響

Abstract

研究目的：本研究欲檢驗臺灣青少年偏差行為發展軌跡是否存在不同類型，並探討家庭與學校脈絡之社會支持與個人特質對於青少年不同類型偏差行為成長軌跡的聯合影響效果，以及社會支持對於不同類型偏差行為成長軌跡的聯合影響效果是否會受到性別的修飾。

研究方法：本研究採用臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫的四波追蹤樣本 (N = 4163) 。使用成長混合模型針對青少年偏差行為發展軌跡進行異質性分析，並進一步使用多元羅吉斯回歸分析，以瞭解家庭及學校脈絡的社會支持、個人特質及社會支持與性別的交互作用項對青少年不同類型偏差行為軌跡發展的影響。

研究結果：臺灣青少年偏差行為可分為四個異質性次群體，分別為穩定低偏差、穩定下降型、持續上升型及持續高偏差。環境脈絡之社會支持中發現父親支持、母親支持及國三教師訊息支持較高，個體較不易成為高偏差行為之次群體。個人脈絡中，青少年若具外向性人格，個體易成為穩定下降型；相較於女性，男性較易成為高偏差行為之次群體。最後，母親支持及教師支持對於青少年不同類型偏差行為次群體的影響，會因性別不同而有差異。

研究結論：本研究發現青少年偏差行為存在不同類型的成長軌跡，家庭支持、學校支持及個人特質對不同類型的成長軌跡具有不同的影響效果，且性別會修飾社會支持對其成長軌跡類型的影響。Purpose: This study aims to examine 1) whether there are different types of Taiwan adolescents’ deviant behaviors trajectories, 2) the effect of social support in different context and personal characteristics on different types of deviant behaviors trajectories, 3) whether the influence of social support on different types of deviant behaviors trajectories is different by adolescents’ gender.

Method: In this study, data of 4163 students are selected from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) in four waves. The heterogeneity of the deviant behaviors trajectories is identified by the growth mixture modeling. Furthermore, data are analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models to predict trajectory group membership.

Result: Adolescents’ deviant behaviors show four heterogeneous classes on the trajectories: rare offenders, decliners, early starters, and chronic offenders. If adolescents perceive higher paternal and maternal support and teacher informational support in Grade 9, they are less likely to become high deviant behaviors trajectories. Adolescents with high extroversion personality are to be strongly related to become decliners. Compared to female, male have a high possibility of becoming higher deviant behaviors trajectories. Finally, adolescent’ gender might moderate the effect of maternal and teacher support on specific types of deviant behaviors trajectories.

Conclusions: There are distinct types of adolescents’ deviant behaviors trajectories. Family support, school support, and personal characteristics have different effects on specific types of deviant behaviors trajectories, and gender might modify the effect of social support on specific types of deviant behaviors trajectories.