應用健康信念模式探討子宮頸癌疫苗接種行為意向之研究–以臺灣師範大學女學生為例

Abstract

本文旨在探討大學女生子宮頸癌疫苗認知及接種行為意向相關因素，資料蒐集以自填式問卷調查為主，採分層集束法抽樣，取得就讀於臺灣師範大學之大學女生374人為研究樣本。資料以百分比、平均值、單因子變異數分析、薛費氏事後多重比較、皮爾森積差相關及多元廻歸等統計方法進行分析。重要結果歸納如下： 一、研究對象有57.5％對於子宮頸癌疫苗得分低於平均值9.54，顯示研究對象對於 子宮頸癌疫苗相關認知偏中低程度。「子宮頸癌的知覺罹患性」、「子宮頸癌的知覺嚴重性」、「子宮頸癌疫苗的知覺有效性」、「子宮頸癌疫苗的知覺障礙性」及「自我效能」之態度偏正向，而研究對象對於「子宮頸癌疫苗接種的行動線索」以電視為主要資訊來源。 二、研究對象「子宮頸癌的知覺嚴重性」會因為家中是否有被診斷為子宮頸癌的親人而呈顯著差異；研究對象「子宮頸癌的知覺障礙性」及「自我效能」會因為是否有過性行為而呈顯著差異。 三、研究對象之「子宮頸癌知覺罹患性」、「子宮頸癌疫苗知覺有效性」越高，而「子宮頸癌疫苗知覺障礙性」越低，越傾向採取疫苗接種行為；而社會人口學變項、子宮頸癌疫苗相關健康信念、行動線索與自我效能之層面來預測子宮頸癌疫苗接種行為時，可解釋力為37.3％；其中以「子宮頸癌知覺罹患性」及「自我效能」為主要預測因素。 根據研究結果，建議教育單位未來可加強子宮頸癌疫苗相關教育，提高接種對象及其重要他人之接種行為自我效能；在公共衛生方面建議可加強宣導疫苗益處及增加宣導管道；在研究方面建議可擴大研究對象及配合追蹤調查或質性研究，以求更完整客觀之子宮頸癌疫苗接種行為影響因素。

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, behavior intention and related factors of human papillomavirus vaccination toward university female students. By using a stratified cluster sampling method, 374 university female students who study in National Taiwan Normal University were selected to participate in this survey. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s Post Hoc Multiple Comparison, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that: 1.The knowledge about human papillomavirus vaccine in the subjects was medium to low degree. A large proportion of participants answered “ Perceived susceptibility to Cervical cancer “, “Perceived severity to Cervical cancer”, “Perceived benefits of human papillomavirus vaccine “, “Perceived barriers of human papillomavirus vaccination”, and “self efficacy about human papillomavirus vaccination.” The human papillomavirus vaccine information of participants was mainly from television. 2.Participants who answered “Perceived severity to Cervical cancer” were influenced by whether the participant has cervical cancer history in her family is emerged obviously difference. Participants’ “Perceived barriers of human papillomavirus vaccination”, and “self efficacy about human papillomavirus vaccination” were influenced by whether the participant had sex. 3.Participants that: “Perceived severity to Cervical cancer”, “Perceived benefits of human papillomavirus vaccine “are high, has encountered few “Perceived barriers of human papillomavirus vaccination”, have a higher tendency to vaccinate human papillomavirus vaccine. Furthermore, the following factors: “the population change indices”, “Health belief in human papillomavirus vaccination”, “Taking preventative for human papillomavirus vaccination cue in action”,and ” self efficacy about human papillomavirus vaccination” explain 37.3% of university female students to human papillomavirus vaccination. Among this, are the main of predictive tow factors: perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, and self efficacy about human papillomavirus vaccination. This research suggests that the education organizations sould enhance the education of human papillomavirus vaccine, and help the vaccination objects and their import others to promote their self efficiency of human papillomavirus vaccination; the public health organizations sould strengthen the propaganda of the benefit of human papillomavirus vaccine, and increase the channels of communication of human papillomavirus vaccine. Regarding the future research, it is suggested that the sample size of the subject group should be expanded, and the collection of the human papillomavirus vaccine information should be achieved follow the trail of target gpoup or the qualitative method of the detailed interview.