動物輔助治療團體對高關懷青少年心理適應之影響

Abstract

本研究旨在探討動物輔助治療團體對高關懷青少年心理適應之影響，研究目的包括：1.設計適合高關懷青少年之動物輔助治療團體方案；2.探討動物輔助治療團體對高關懷青少年基本心理需求之影響；以及3.探討高關懷青少年參加動物輔助治療團體之經驗及收穫。研究方法採用個案研究的方式，並輔以量表測量的小樣本混合設計，共進行十次「動物輔助治療─狗狗友善大使」團體，每次九十分鐘，成員為四位高關懷國中生。在質性分析結果上，本研究團體對其中三位成員的基本心理需求都有提升之效果，而另一成員雖然沒有明顯的改變，但經由團體讓他呈現更真實的樣貌，仍為後續個別輔導提供珍貴的參考。在量表資料上，雖然本研究參與者少，但整體來說，成員隨著團體介入在基本心理需求上都有逐漸提升，且介入後的追蹤大部分都維持在比介入前佳。因此，本研究設計之團體適宜對高關懷國中生進行。整體而言，影響成員基本心理需求提升之原因有四點：1.治療犬與成員的適配性；2.成員需求與團體目標的適配性；3.成員起始狀態的差別；以及4.團體外的支持因素。最後，根據上述結果提出建議，作為未來輔導工作及研究之參考。The present study aimed to (a) design animal-assisted group counseling programs for high-risk young adolescent; (b) investigate the influence on basic psychological needs for the high-risk adolescent with animal-assisted group counseling; and (c) investigate the experiences and benefits of the high-risk adolescent after participate in animal-assisted group counseling group. The research method is based on case study and combined with individualized quantative measurements. 4 high-risk junior high students were recruited in 10-sessions “animal-assisted counseling – Good Doggy Friend” with 90 minutes in each session. With regard to qualitative data, the result reveaed that great effectiveness for increseaing basic psychological needs for 3 of the 4 members, but there is no obvious change on 1 member. However, the member showed more truly status after joining the group, and still provides valuable reference for counseling.The results revealed that the basic psychological needs of most of the members are gradually raised. In conclusion, this group is worth to be adopted in the course dealing with high-risk students in junior high school. There are 4 reasons about the different level on basic psychological needs: (a) The match between therapeutic dog and the member. (b) The match between the needs of member and the group goal. (c) The difference on the initial state of the member. (d) The support from external resource. Implications and limitations are discussed.