度量化的身體：學校體適能檢測的權力技術

Abstract

本論文研究的目的，在藉由跨領域的研究樣式提供另一種體適能研究的觀點。從分析學校體適能檢測的機制來探討其對學生身體的規訓，及學生身體回應的可能；並提出研究者在與協作者深入訪談後對體適能檢測的反省。基於以上的理念和架構，本研究的發現如下：

(一)以往有關於體適能的研究是以比較研究對象體適能的差異為主要的研究重點。 (二)體適能檢測透過柔軟度訓練的各項細節、在體適能檢測中身體被「看見」的安排、體適能護照的成績登錄機制、常模對身體「標準」、「健康」的規範化裁決、及運動獎章與運動處方的獎懲考核制度…等的技術來度量學生的身體，形成一種傅柯所謂的自體看管技藝。 (三)規訓權力的規範論述不斷地累積循環構成個人身體的知識倉儲， 也變成個人在生活世界採取行動的意義結構。 (四)體適能檢測對身體的規訓與建構並非是絕對的，身體是各種文化資本與意識型態鬥爭的場域，也會在檢測的過程中轉換和抵抗規訓的權力。 (五)以運動做為主體，擺脫任何以運動作為手段的固有研究路徑。This study aimed to propose another perspective about physical fitness by the cross-field research form. In term of view of analyzing the mechanism of schools’ physical fitness test, the study focused on students’ body-discipline and the possibilities of students’ body response. Furthermore after the depth interviews between the researcher and collaborators, it leaded the reflections on the schools’ physical fitness test. According to these concepts, this study concluded following:

1. In the past, the studies of physical fitness emphasized on the health point of view and were based on the visions of positivism and science. So comparisons on human’s physical fitness differences gradually become the type of physical fitness studies. 2. The schools’ physical fitness test quantified students’ bodies in five parts: (1) details of flexibility training (2) arrangement of visible body (3) score recording system of the physical fitness passport (4) normalizing judgment of body’s standard and health model (5) reward and punishment system in sports. They form the notion of "technology of the self" defined by Foucault. 3. The continued cycle of the body-discipline power discourse made up the accumulation of body information and the significance of real life actions. 4. Because body was the domain that cultural capital and ideology are struggling for, there is no absolute relation between body-discipline and body-construction in the processes of physical fitness test. 5. Sport is the subject of the research rather than the device of the research.