澳洲中文報刊中的華僑捐獻與愛國主義（1894-1937）

Abstract

華僑與愛國是華僑華人史一個非常成熟的議題，海外華僑在20世紀上半葉的捐獻更是華僑愛國議題中重要的內容。華僑的捐獻不僅賑濟救災、改善家鄉的醫療、教育等其他基礎建設，也資助了孫中山推翻滿清政府，結束了數千年的封建制度，讓中國邁入一個新的國度。19世紀中期，澳洲發現金礦，吸引了大批廣東籍華僑到澳洲淘金，之後在澳洲落地生根，形成澳洲華僑社會。1894年，澳洲華僑社會出現了屬於自己的中文報紙，並在1896年刊登了第一則有關華僑捐獻的明細，開啟了澳洲華僑的捐款史。本文旨在梳理澳洲華僑的捐款，通過當時候四份重要的中文報刊，根據捐款的性質進行彙整，最後統計出澳洲華僑在20世紀上半葉的捐款情況，並通過澳洲華僑的捐款表現來探析澳洲華僑社會概況及愛國主義。

Overseas Chinese fundraising during the first half of 20th century is an important content of overseas Chinese’s patriotism. Funds raised during these periods not only aided Chinese who suffered from natural disasters; improved health, education, and other infrastructure of homeland China, it also supported Sun Yat-sen’s 1911 revolution in overthrowing the Qing regime to build a republic nation. During the mid 19th century, gold was discovered in Australia and it attracted Chinese from Canton province to try their fortunes in the country and later settled down and formed their own community. In 1894, Australian Chinese established their own newspaper and two years later, a list of donors for the flood relief in Guangxi province was printed in the newspaper, which marked the beginning of recorded fundraising history of Australian Chinese. The aim of this paper is to sort out the published donations of Australian Chinese throughout the first half of 20th century and analyses the social structure and patriotism of Australian Chinese through the patterns and habits of their donations.