異端者將永駐亡者之群：探討艾德蓋恩案子中的不死

Abstract

艾德·蓋恩 (Ed Gein)，這位二十世紀臭名昭彰的連環殺手，成為《驚魂記》、《沉默的羔羊》及《德州電鋸殺人狂》等眾多改編作品的重要靈感來源。雖然已有許多學術討論探討蓋恩對小說和電影的重大影響，但對其個人歷史的分析卻仍然缺乏。因此，本論文旨在透過不死的概念深入探討蓋恩的生活，以揭示他人性的一面及他與社會的疏離感。首先，我通過弗里德里希·尼采的虛無主義框架，探究蓋恩的家庭背景及其心理演變。這種探索使讀者能夠更好地理解蓋恩在其罪行背景下的人性。接下來，我研究蓋恩與死亡之間的矛盾關係，探討他對死亡的同時否認與接受，這突顯了社會對死亡的共同恐懼和迷戀。最後，我深入探討社會如何將蓋恩變成「牲人」(homo sacer)，一個可以被任何人不受懲罰地殺害但不能在宗教儀式中被獻祭的角色。通過這些多層次的分析，我從其心理和社會角度展示了蓋恩的不死身份。這樣一來，我揭示了普遍的人類焦慮和欲望，同時探討社會排斥與接受的流動。Ed Gein, an infamous twentieth-century serial killer, has served as an important inspiration for numerous adaptations, including Psycho, The Silence of the Lambs, and the Texas Chainsaw Massacre series. Although there are many scholarly discussions on Gein’s significant impact on fiction and films, an analysis of Gein’s personal history remains absent. Accordingly, this thesis aims to delve into Gein’s life through the concept of the undead to reveal his humanity and his alienation from society. First, I investigate Gein’s familial background and his psychological evolution through the framework of Friedrich Nietzsche’s nihilism. This exploration allows readers to better understand Gein’s humanity within the context of his crimes. Next, I look into Gein’s paradoxical relationship with mortality, examining his simultaneous denial and acceptance of death, which highlights society's shared dread and fascination with mortality. Finally, I delve into how society turns Gein into a homo sacer, a figure that can be killed by anyone with impunity but cannot be sacrificed in religious rituals. Through these multilayered analyses, I demonstrate Gein’s undead identity not only from the angle of his psychology but also from the view of society. By doing so, I uncover universal human anxieties and desires while exploring the dynamics of social exclusion and acceptance.