以多層次觀點探討賦權與削權動機氣候對團隊凝聚力之預測：以心理安全為中介變項

Abstract

在運動環境中，如何提高選手的心理健康並提升團體動力，對於團隊發展與表現至關重要。Duda (2013) 結合成就目標理論與自我決定理論，指出教練塑造之賦權與削權動機氣候會影響選手後續的行為表現。然而，目前動機氣候的研究是以個人層次為主，較少探討團隊層次的效果。因此，本研究欲以跨層次之方式，檢視賦權與削權動機氣候與團隊凝聚力之關係以及心理安全的中介效果。本研究以問卷調查法，參與者來自31支高中桌球隊，共230位選手(男生124人、女生106人)。結果顯示：(一) 在團隊層次，心理安全在賦權動機氣候對團隊社會與工作凝聚力之間皆無中介效果；而心理安全在削權動機氣候對團隊工作凝聚力之間具部分中介效果，但對團隊社會凝聚力則無中介效果。(二) 在跨層次，心理安全在賦權動機氣候對個人社會與工作凝聚力之間皆無中介效果；然而，心理安全在削權動機氣候對個人工作凝聚力之間具有部分中介效果，對個人社會凝聚力之間則具有完全中介效果。本研究建議教練多塑造賦權動機氣候，可以直接提升團隊凝聚力與心理安全，同時應降低塑造削權動機氣候，避免造成心理安全的降低，進而影響團隊凝聚力。

In the sports context, enhancing athletes’ mental health and improving group cohesion are essential for team development and performance. Duda (2013) integrated Achievement Goal Theory and Self-Determination Theory, proposed that empowering and disempowering motivational climates created by coaches influence athletes’ subsequent behaviors. However, most research on motivational climate focuses on the individual level, with limited exploration of its effects at the team level. Therefore, this study employed a multilevel approach to examine the relationship between empowering and disempowering motivational climates and group cohesion, as well as the mediating effect of psychological safety. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 31 high school table tennis teams, comprising a total of 230 athletes (124 males and 106 female). The results show that: (1) At the team level, psychological safety did not mediate the prediction between an empowering motivational climate and either social or task cohesion. However, psychological safety partially mediated the relationship between a disempowering motivational climate and task cohesion, but not social cohesion (2) At the cross-level, psychological safety did not mediate the relationship between an empowering motivational climate and individual-level social or task cohesion. In contrast, psychological safety partially mediated the relationship between a disempowering motivational climate and individual-level task cohesion, and fully mediated the relationship between a disempowering motivational climate and individual-level social cohesion. This study recommends that coaches foster an empowering motivational climate, as it directly promotes both group cohesion and psychological safety. Meanwhile, minimizes disempowering motivational climate, to prevent a decline in psychological safety that negatively affect group cohesion.