空氣/電動混合動力機車 系統設計與實作驗證

Abstract

本論文主要設計一套混合動力機車系統，利用空氣馬達結合電動機車，達到增加續航力及提升加速性能之目的，並透過機車底盤動力計進行性能及效益評估。首先，建立空氣馬達實驗平台，系統元件包含空氣馬達、比例控制閥組、磁粉式煞車離合器、轉速計、扭力計及空氣流量計。空氣馬達在壓縮空氣輸入壓力為4-8 kg/cm2及比例控制閥組電壓3.2-4.7 V閥開度變化條件下，測量空氣流量及扭矩。再者，藉由模擬軟體Matlab/Simulink進行空氣馬達及電動機車系統/次系統動態建模，並發展動力分配控制策略。最後，以光陽Sunboy電動機車加裝空氣馬達進行實車建立。在機構設計方面，動力傳遞減速比為12：40；在電控配置方面，將控制策略寫入快速雛型控制器並修改電控迴路系統，透過機車底盤動力計針對純電動、純空氣及混合動力模式下穩態步階響應測試及ECE40行車型態測試，測量空氣/電動混合動力機車性能及效益評估。各研究結果分別為：穩態測試結果顯示，空氣動力輔助能有效降低電池電能輸出；模擬結果顯示，空氣/電動輕型載具車系統建模與行車型態測試結果趨勢相近；能耗分析結果顯示，混合動力模式較純電動模式節省3倍電動耗能，1 kW-h能行駛約85 km，本研究結果顯示空氣/電動混合動力機車能有效降低大功率電能輸出，延長行駛之續航力及提升加速性能。This research mainly designs a hybrid power scooter system which uses an air motor to conbined with electric vehicle in order to increase cruising mileage and acceleration performance. A chassis dynamometer was employed for the performance assessment and benefiit analysis. First, an experimental platform was established for assessment of the innovation. System elements include an air motor, a proportional valve set, a magnetic powder brakes and sensors like: torque sensors, speed sensors and air flow meters. The air flows and torques can be measured by varying the air motor pressure within 4-8 kg/cm2; and the proportional-valve voltage within 3.2-4.7 V. Next, by the simulation software package: Matlab/Simulink, the dynamics of air motor and electric scooter system/subsystems have been modeled. The power distribution control has been designed as well. A commercialized electric scooter was equipped with an air motor. For the mechanical designs, the reduction gear ratio was set to be 12:40. For the mechatronics, the control strategy was coded into a rapid-prototyping controller, and the electric circuit was re-designed. By the scooter chassis dynamometer, the pure electric mode, pure air mode and hybrid power mode III can be tested under the step response and the ECE40 driving cycle scenarios. The performance and benefit evaluation of the hybrid air/electric scooter can be conducted. Results show that: for the steady test, the air-power assist can decrease the electric power from the battery effectively. Simulation results show that the dynamics of the model of the air/electric light-duty vehicle was similar to that of the real vehicle. For the energy consumption analysis, hybrid mode saves 3-times electric energy consumption compared to the pure electric mode. Traveling mileage of 85 km can be achieved when 1kW-h power was provided. This results demonstrates that the air/electric hybrid scooter can effectively reduce the high-power electric output, and can extend the mileage as well as rise the acceleration performance.