學生自治組織參與校內公共事務之研究

Abstract

本論文以學生自治角度的觀點，研究學生自治組織參與校內公共事務與校務會議之實際情況，使學生實質參與民主法治社會，讓學生學習監督及參與之目的，保障學生在校內決策的參與權。從參與校務會議的自主性得知，各校學生會目前在校務會議的提案次數偏低，是值得關注的重點，然而學生自治組織在提案的過程，大多會經內部討論，也會與學校輔導老師討論後才進行提案，惟其他學生的態度將會是學生自治組織在校務會議參與的一大隱憂，因此如何喚起校內學生對於校內公共事務的意願進行討論，是型塑學生公民素養及積極參與校內公共事務的重要課題。本研究旨在分析探討大學學生自治組織參與校內公共事務之實際現況與挑戰，採線上/實務訪談方式，了解曾任學生會會長參與學生自治組織的經驗與困境、實際參與校園公共事務情況與困境與參與校務會議之現況進行探討。為達研究目的，本研究採深入訪談法進行研究，訪談六名擔任學生會會長1年以上資歷的學生，並根據訪談結果，提出綜合建議，以供教育行政主管機關、各大專校院學生事務處及學生自治組織參考。主要研究發現如下：一、學生自治組織（學生會）是全校性最高自治組織，能擔任「學校與學生之間溝通的橋樑」，幫助全校學生及為社團「發聲」的組織、「致力於維護學生，也保護社團於校內的各項權益」。學生自治組織也有「建議」的權利，共同參與學校決策，落實「參政權」、以建立「友善校園」為目的，改善校園生活環境，讓全校師生喜愛。二、學生自治組織有依法出席校務會議及與學生生活、學業及獎懲有關之校級委員會，達到參與校內公共事務為目的之必要，也能體現「民主社會價值」與「重要性」，更符合「德國重要性理論」及落實學生於校園內之公共事務「參政權」，但發現學生代表出席人數不足，影響各項提案表決之公平性。公立大學於校務會議提案情況較自由，學生代表可以自由提案，並將提案順利進入校務會議；私立學校相對會於事前尋求相關單位協助，若單位的答覆是學生代表無法接受，則會於校務會議並在臨時動議提出。另外研究也發現行政會議及學術相關會議是部分學校學生代表無法參與的會議。三、學生自治在民主化運作之下，是自由民主的體現，也是現代大學治理民主核心價值之一，學生為教育主體所在，一切教育目的為實現學生在學學習權，學生權利也在教育目的之下展現其權利，因此學生自治能展現在大學校園中對民主價值實踐的重要性，而學生權利也是展現在教育環境之下所享有的基本權利。根據上述研究發現，研究者對教育行政主管機關、學校輔導單位以及學生自治組織提出建議，以供未來推動學生自治組織參與校內公共事務之參考。研究建議如下：一、提高學生於校務會議及校級委員會代表人數，讓校方聽到更多學生代表的建議與聲音，讓校務發展更加順利並且是以學生為整體考量的教育事業，也落實校園民主，以實現民主法治為目標。二、建議學生代表得出（列）席行政會議，並給予適當席次，使學生代表可以共同參加校務治理，展現其民主社會價值，落實大學自治之基本態度與學生自治之民主精神。三、建議學校在輔導單位行政職稱可以由「指導」改變為「輔導」或「協助」等語意相近為名稱，避免學生自治組織有更多遐想空間，以為學校是在指導學生，而無溝通之餘地。四、建議校務會議學生代表透過單獨民選產生之，使對學校公共事務有熱忱的同學共同競選校務會議學生代表，提高學生對於校園公共事務的熱度。五、鼓勵全校學生踴躍參選學生代表與投入選舉活動，展現出學生對於公共事務的關心，期望學生能夠掌握自己手中的一票，為校園內公共事務盡一份心力。六、學生自治組織應朝向永續發展為目標，為全校學生爭取更多的權益，也取得學生的信任感，讓更多學生願意投入學生自治。七、多運用科技媒體辦理校園公共事務議題，提升學生敏感度，促進青年對於校園公共事務的熱情與熱誠。This thesis examines the participation of student self-governing organizations in school public affairs and school meetings from the perspective of student self-governance, to ensure students' right to participate in school decision-making. I hope that students can learn the true meaning of supervision, so they are able to participate in the public affairs of a democratic society under the rule of law.

The low number of proposals made by student unions in school meetings is a major concern, which reflects the reality of student autonomy. Most of the student self-governing organizations will discuss their proposals internally and with their school counselors beforehand. However, the attitudes of other students towards student self-governing organizations' participation in school meetings cannot be underestimated. Therefore, it is important to raise students’ awareness of school affairs to shape civic literacy. This thesis analyzes and explores the reality and challenges of student self-governing organizations’ participation in school public affairs, and conducts an online/practical interview to understand the difficulties the directors of student union once experienced in participating in school public affairs and school meetings. To this end,I interviewed six students who have served as directors of student union for more than one year, and based on the results of the interviews, I made comprehensive recommendations for the reference of administrative faculties in education, student affairs offices in colleges, and student self-governing organizations. The main findings are as follows:1.Student self-governing organizations or student unions are the highest autonomous groups in school that serve as a"bridge between the school and the students", provides a "voice", and is "dedicated to protecting the rights of students and clubs on campus". The student self-governing organizations also have the right to "make suggestions" for school decision-making, to implement the "right to participate in politics", to build a "campus-friendly" campus, and to improve the campus environment for the benefit of all students and teachers. 2.Student self-governing organizations are required to attend school meetings and school committees related to campus life, academics, rewards and punishments to realize"democratic social values" and "importance", which corresponds to " Wesentlichkeitstheorie" as the implementation of students' "right to participate in politics". However, it is found that the insufficient number of student representatives and low attendance rate would affect the fairness of the voting on the proposals. Comparatively, student representatives are at liberty to make proposals in school meetings at public universities. At private universities, student representatives have to seek the assistance of the other faculties. If the response is unacceptable to them, the proposal will be made at the extempore motion session. It is also found that administration and academic meetings are not available to student representatives in some schools.3.Student autonomy exemplifies freedom and democracy, and is key to the governance of modern university. As the main body of education, students have the right to learn, and their rights should be valued. Student autonomy is the realization of democratic values in schools, so students should deserve equal rights.Based on the findings above, I would like to propose the following recommendations to education authorities, school counseling units, and student self-governing organizations for further consideration in promoting the participation of student self-governing organizations in school public affairs:

1.We should increase the number of student representatives in school meetings and school committees to make their voice heard, so their suggestions can be considered and adopted. It is a way to realize campus democracy under the rule of law.2.Student representatives should attend the administration meetings and the number should increase. So, they can participate in the governance of university, which demonstrates democratic values and realizes university autonomy.3.The role of the school counseling unit should be changed from"guidance" to "counseling" or "assistance" to make more room for communication. 4.Student representatives in school meetings should be elected individually. Students who are enthusiastic about school public affairs can run for student representatives. 5.We should encourage all students to actively participate in election to show their concern for public affairs, in the hope that they care more about their votes and can contribute to school public affairs. 6.Student self-governing organizations should aim for sustainable development, fight for more rights of all students, and gain their trust so that more students are willing to join them.7.Students should make more use of technology and media to deal with school public affairs, to enhance students' sensitivity, and to promote youth passion for school public affairs.