探討國三學生的工作記憶容量與讀、解計算題與圖文題表現之關連性

Abstract

本研究的主要目的在於瞭解國三學生解數學計算題與圖文題時，其讀題方式與解題表現之間的關係，並瞭解學生的工作記憶容量、學業成就、性別等變因與讀題方式之間的關連性。 本研究首先收集國三學生的工作記憶容量資料，以建立常模與信效度；繼而以質性研究的方式，針對36位不同背景的國三學生進行個別施測與訪談。施測時使用電腦軟體The Restricted Focus Viewer（以下簡稱RFV）作為收集讀題資料的工具，此軟體能在電腦螢幕呈現數學題目，只有滑鼠附近區域為清晰，學生藉由操作滑鼠以控制閱讀區域，軟體則記錄下學生解題時的讀題過程。學生解題活動結束後，立即進行深入訪談，以瞭解學生解題錯誤的原因。 本研究所獲得的工作記憶容量資料，主要以量的方式分析建立常模，而學生的讀解題與訪談資料則以質的分析為主，描述性統計為輔，對於學生的讀題方式與解題表現進行分析，以探討讀題方式與解題表現之間的關聯性，並了解與讀題相關的變因為何。 本研究的結果顯示：（一）學生的讀題方式與學生的解題方式有關連性，讀題的時間與次數較少，會造成讀錯或忽略題目關鍵句等情形，使得解題錯誤；（二）工作記憶容量高低與學生的讀題方式有關，工作記憶容量高者傾向於花較少的次數與時間讀題；（三）數學學業成就與學生的讀題方式有關，成就高者傾向於花較少的次數與時間讀計算題，但在圖文題部分會花較多次數與時間讀題；（四）性別與學生的讀題方式有關，男性傾向於花較少的次數與時間讀題。 根據本研究的結果，可提出下列建議：（一）學校教師在教授數學知識之餘，應強調「讀題」的重要性；（二）在教「讀題」時，可強調完整瀏覽、反覆閱讀與放慢閱讀的速度。在未來的研究方向，可考慮不同的研究對象、題目型態與領域以及加入「閱讀理解能力」等因素，以更進一步探討讀題與解題之間的關連性。This research aims to understand the relationship between the way ninth graders read the problem and their performance in solving computational and word problem with diagram. It also aims to understand the relationship between the way they read the problem and other variables: working memory capacity, academic performance, and gender. This research first collects the data on students’ working memory capacity in order to build the norm, reliability, and validity. Then individual tests and interviews are conducted for 36 students with different backgrounds as the quality research. The software, Restricted Focus Viewer (RFV), is used to collect the information on how students read the problem. This software presents problems on the computer screen. Only the area near the pointer can be seen clearly. Thus the software can record the process when students read the problem. After students finish solving problems, the in-depth interview is done immediately in order to find out the reason why students make mistakes when solving problems. The data on working memory capacity is analyzed mainly in quantity to build the norm, while the information on students’ reading problems and the interview is analyzed mainly in quality, accompanied by descriptive statistics. The method aims to analyze the relationship between the way students read and solve the question, and to understand what the variables are that affect how students read problems. The research result shows: first, the way students read problems is relative to performance of solving problems. Students who spend less time reading problems tend to make mistakes in solving problems; second, the capacity of working memory is relative to the way students read problems. Students with a larger working memory capacity have the tendency to spend less time reading the question; third, the academic performance on math has to do with students’ reading the question. Students with higher academic performance are prone to spend less time on computational question, but they spend more time on word problem with diagram; fourth, gender is relative to how students read problems. Male students tend to spend less time reading the question. According to the research result, the following are the suggestions: first, school teachers should emphasize the importance of reading the question in teaching; second, as to the teaching on how to read problems, complete skimming, repeated reading, and reading at a slower rate can be put a premium on. As to the future research, different research subjects, question patterns, subject fields, and reading comprehension ability can be further analyzed in order to unveil the hidden connection between reading and solving problems.