領導型態、組織氣氛與團隊凝聚力之研究－以臺北縣政府體育處體育志工隊為例

Abstract

本研究旨在暸解臺北縣政府體育處體育志工隊領導型態、組織氣氛與團隊凝聚力之現況，並比較不同背景變項體育志工在領導型態、組織氣氛與團隊凝聚力的差異情形。其次，分析體育處志工隊領導型態與組織氣氛對團隊凝聚力的預測效力。研究對象為214名體育處體育志工，並以自編之「體育志工團隊內部運作調查問卷」 為研究工具進行調查。根據調查所蒐集之資料，經描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、雪費法及多元逐步迴歸等統計分析方法處理，結論如下： 一、督導的領導型態在體育處體育志工隊上具有影響力；在組織氣氛的營造上讓體育志工感受良好；而在團隊凝聚力的形成，以團隊合作與人際吸引為最重要。 二、年齡60歲以下、職業為家管及商、年資2-4年之體育志工對領導型態感受程度較大；而職業為家管、年資2-4年者對組織氣氛感受程度較大；年齡51-60歲、職業為家管、年資2-4年者對團隊凝聚力感受程度較大。 三、組織氣氛的「溫暖支持」、「團體認同」及轉換型領導的「激勵鼓舞」、「個別關懷」對團隊凝聚力有顯著預測力。 基於以上發現，建議體育處針對體育志工隊團隊凝聚力的提升，宜朝向營造溫暖支持及團隊認同的氣氛，並運用激勵鼓舞及個別關懷的領導型態來管理志工。而針對未來之研究，可以目前內政部所推廣的學校運動志工或其他體育相關單位之體育志工，進行相關之研究；並可以質性研究或質、量並重的方式進行更深入之探討。

By comparing different demographic variables, this study was to explore the leadership style, organizational climate and team cohesion of the sport volunteers in Taipei County, supervised by the Sport Office. This study analyzed the predictable effectiveness of leadership style, organizational climate and team cohesion conducted by sport volunteers. Base on the questionnaire “Survey of Internal Operation of Sport Volunteers”, this study went on the research survey of 214 sport volunteers supervised by the Sport Office of Taipei County. Analysis of the quantitative data was demonstrated by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s Method, stepwise multiple regression . The conclusions are illustrated as follows: 1. The sport volunteers were influenced in directing leadership style, establishing a friendly climate for all who join, and forming team cooperation, which stimulates interpersonal attraction and team cohesion. 2. Those who were under sixty, housewives and businessmen, and young career people (with 2 to 4 years’ work experience) were more sensitive to leadership style. Housewives and young career people (with 2 to 4 years’ work experience) were more sensitive to the atmosphere of the environment. Those aged 51 to 60, housewives, and young career people (with 2 to 4 years’ work experience) were more sensitive to team cohesion. 3. “Warm support" and “team identity ” created in a friendly environment, as well as “inspiring encouragement,” and “individual concern” in transformational leadership contributed significantly to team cohesion.

Conclusions of this study and suggestions would be: 1. To enhance team cohesion, warm support and team identity should be intensified. 2. To inspire sport volunteers and to promote their efficiency, encouragement and individual concern were strongly recommended. 3. In near future, related researches in terms of sport volunteers in academic area could be conducted by the Ministry of Interior Affairs or Sport Organizations.

Keywords: sport volunteer, leadership style, organizational climate, team cohesion