國中音樂教師重視學習心理學與班級經營對學生學習行為影響之研究

Abstract

摘 要 本研究旨在探究國中音樂教師重視學習心理學與班級經營對學生學習行為之影響。綜合研究結果，提出有效之班級經營策略，作為音樂教師實施班級經營及改變學生學習行為之參考。研究方法採用文獻探討、問卷調查與訪談調查。本研究獲得之具體發現與結論如下： 壹、音樂教師應具備之班級經營理念與學習心理學認知 一、音樂教師應具備心理學認知與輔導知能以提昇班級經營成效。 二、音樂教師應提供學生更多參與學習活動或班級事務之機會，使其在學習歷程中凝聚班級向心力，並養成學生責任感與處理事情的能力。 三、班級經營應重視學生人格教育與基本能力的培養，並能體會藝術與人文的價值觀。 四、教師應重視學生個別差異與性向，採取多元教學模式協助學生適性發展。 五、現代化之班級經營應強調資訊科技的整合運用，以活化教學，強化教學管理。 貳、音樂教師有效之班級經營策略 一、教師應運用不同教學技巧引起並維持學生對學習內容之注意。 二、音樂教學應採取多元化、創意化與趣味化之原則，提升學生學習興趣。 三、教材內容配合學生認知發展並結合生活與舊經驗，使其產生積極主動的學習態度。 四、教師應重視學生學習需求，並以合作學習型態發展學生主動求知與人際溝通能力。 五、 教師宜採取立即增強、連續增強和間歇增強方式提升學習興趣，維持良好行為。 六、獎懲應講求「時效性」，鼓勵多於懲罰，並教導正確行為，培養自我約束之能力。 七、教師應突破傳統學習空間的限制，以創新的觀念致力於學習環境之設計，並開放學 生參與教學情境的設計與佈置，以發揮境教之功效。 八、教師應以尊重、接納、了解的態度關懷學生，創造和諧師生互動，並積極與家長建立良好的溝通管道，運用家長人力資源，協助改善學生學業及行為問題。 根據研究結果，音樂教師必須了解學習生態的轉變與教學革新的發展趨勢，充實班級經營的知能，並根據教學實務作適度調整，以達到提昇教學成效之目的。Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of junior high school music teachers who emphasize psychology of learning and classroom management on students’ learning behavior. It combines all the surveys of documentations in order to conclude more efficient ways to conduct classroom management, which can be the reference to music teachers to conduct classroom management and to change the way of learning. This research uses inquiry of documentations, questionnaire, and interview surveys. Findings and conclusions of this study are as following: 1. The ideas of the classroom management and the cognition of the psychology of learning for a music teacher: A. A music teacher should have the cognition for psychology and the skill of counseling in order to conduct classroom management effectively. B. A music teacher should provide more opportunities for students to participate classroom activities or public affairs. That makes students develop the spirit of teamwork, their abilities of dealing with difficulties and the senses of responsibility. C. The classroom management should focus on the development of moral integrity, the fundamental skills, and the admittance of the life combining arts and humanities. D. Teachers should respect every individual’s diversity and use various teaching methods to inspire student’s suitable development. E. The modernized classroom management should emphasize on the integration of electronic technology of learning and managing process. 2. The methodology of classroom management for a music teacher A. A music teacher should use various methodologies to catch the students’ attention toward the contents. B. The musical pedagogy should have diversity, creativity, and entertaining elements to reinforce the students’ learning motivation. C. The pedagogical contents should be based on the students’ cognitive development and combine their former experiences. That would produce enthusiasm and the voluntarism in students’ attitudes. D. The music teacher should value students’ learning demands. Besides, the music teacher should promote students’ voluntarism and the ability to communicate with people by cooperative learning. E. A music teacher should use immediate reinforcement, intermittent reinforcement, and continuous reinforcement to promote the students’ learning interests, reinforce and maintain their good behaviors. F. The encouragement and the punishment for students should be made efficiently. Encouragement should be more than punishment, and it should guide the students to self-constraint. G. A music teacher should break the traditional limitation for learning space. He should dedicate himself to the design of the learningenvironment by using creative ideas, and he should allow students to participate in arranging and decorating the classroom in order to influence and change the students unobtrusively. H. A music teacher should care about the students with respect, acceptability, and understanding. He should create intimate interaction between teachers and students, and he should create mutual communication between teachers and parents. He could co-work with parents to reduce students’ behavioral and academic problems. According to this research, a music teacher should aware of the changes of the pedagogical environment, the tendency of the pedagogical innovation, the skills for classroom management, and the ability to adjust his methodology according to practical pedagogy to have remarkable instruction.