應用健康信念模式探討新北市某國小高年級學童餐後潔牙行為及其相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究主要運用健康信念模式探討國小學生餐後潔牙行為及其相關因素。研究母群體為100學年度第一學期就讀於新北市某國小之高年級學生，進行自填式問卷施測，回收問卷319份。研究之重要結果如下： 一、研究對象家庭社經地位以低社經地位為主。口腔保健知識偏低，而且口腔保健知識越佳者，其採取餐後潔牙行為的可能性越高。其中五年級的餐後潔牙行為較六年級好。研究對象之班級大多沒有推動餐後使用牙線，教師督促學生進行餐後潔牙行為的頻率也偏低。 二、研究對象「自覺齲齒罹患性」、「自覺齲齒嚴重性」、「自覺餐後潔牙利益性」認知及「餐後潔牙行動線索」均為中上程度，而「餐後潔牙障礙性」認知則為中下程度。 三、研究對象六年級「自覺齲齒罹患性」較五年級高，女生的「自覺齲齒嚴重性」較男生高。有推動餐後潔牙行為的班級其「自覺餐後潔牙利益性」較沒有推動餐後潔牙行為的班級高，有推動餐後刷牙以及餐後使用牙線的班級其「餐後潔牙障礙性」較沒有推動之班級低。 四、研究對象之「餐後潔牙自我效能」為中等程度，當有人提醒或鼓勵時、當學校有要求時及當潔牙用具齊全時，對於執行餐後潔牙的自我效能較高。 五、研究對象之餐後潔牙行為屬於為中等程度，潔牙行為以早上起床為最多，其次是睡前。 六、將基本變項、餐後潔牙健康信念、餐後潔牙行動線索與餐後潔牙自我效能等變項來預測研究對象「餐後潔牙行為」，其中餐後潔牙行為與「班級進行餐後使用牙線活動」、「餐後潔牙行動線索」及「餐後潔牙自我效能」呈現顯著相關，可解釋其總變異量為33.9 ％，而以「餐後潔牙自我效能」之影響力最大。This study was to investigate after meal teeth-cleaning behavior and related factors of elementary school students through Health Belief Model. The subjects of this study were senior students of an elementary school in New Taipei City in the academic year of 2011. The data were collected through questionnaires. The valid respondents were 319（83.5％）. The major findings are as follow: 1.The subjects were mainly from low socio-economic family with low oral health knowledge.The more oral health knowledge one had acquired, the higher possibility of after meal teeth cleaning would be attained. Among the subjects, 5th graders outperformed 6th graders in terms of after meal teeth cleaning behavior. The subjects were not asked to use dental floss after meal. The frequency of cleaning teeth after meal demanding by the teachers was low. 2.The subjects’ scores of perceived caries susceptibility, perceived caries severity, perceived benefits of after meal teeth cleaning and the cues to action of after meal teeth cleaning were above the average, while the score of perceived barriers of taking after meal teeth cleaning action was below the average. 3.The scores of perceived caries susceptibility of 6th grade subjects were higher than those of 5th grade; meanwhile, girls’ scores were higher than boys’. The scores of perceived benefits of after meal teeth cleaning were higher among the subjects within the classes which promoted after meal teeth cleaning than those which did not. 4.The scores of self-efficacy of after meal teeth cleaning were on the average. The scores would be higher, if notification or encouragement, school demanding and sufficient dental cleaning equipment were provided. 5.The subjects’ scores of after meal teeth cleaning behavior were on the average. The behavior took place mostly in the morning after getting up, secondly before going to sleep. 6.The subjects’ after meal teeth cleaning behavior was significantly relevant to the action of using dental floss in class after meal, the cues to action of after meal teeth cleaning, and self-efficacy of after meal teeth cleaning. Among them, self-efficacy of after meal teeth cleaning had the most significant influence.