高齡者家鄉味及多元飲食型態之研究

Abstract

研究者以高齡者的視角去探索高齡者家鄉味多元飲食的關係，研究工具主要參考相關文獻探討所編製的「高齡者家鄉味多元飲食量表」並藉由問卷調查及統計資料分析下，期能探究高齡者身心特質與家鄉味多元飲食之間的關聯，本研究主要目的為：1.探討高齡者「家鄉味多元飲食型態」之現況。2.探討不同背景高齡者在「家鄉味多元飲食量表」上的表現與差異情形。3.根據本研究之結果，提供高齡者相關教育、社政、衛政及勞政等行政機關參考之運用。本研究採用問卷調查法，以立意取樣選取年滿55歲以上在多元社區照顧服務環境能動性高的社區大學、樂齡大學、樂齡學習中心、高齡自主學習團體、社區關懷據點及原住民族健康站的高齡者為研究對象，共發出332份，回收有效樣本321份，回收率96.68%。根據研究分析結果發現：1.參與者的分布上，女性人數高於男性；以66至74歲者；以大專或大學以上；自覺健康部分以我的身體狀況普通；以與配偶及其他親人同住；群族以閩南人；社區關懷據點及臺北市參與者最多。2.高齡者最喜歡的餐桌形狀是「圓型」。3.高齡者對彩虹餐盤不同菜色選擇部分，年齡層越高、自覺健康程度越低者因生理老化，以重口味、軟質性、易咀嚼、好消化優先；會因同居住人數影響菜餚可切片數量的選擇；教育程度愈高者，對於飲食的選擇更多元化及減少醃製食物的頻繁食用。至於原住民菜色，口味較重，皆深受地理環境與文化背景所影響。4.高齡者對彩虹餐盤不同菜色份量選擇部分，女性對於飲食營養知識優於男性，隨著年齡增長、健康程度越高者會優先增加蔬菜、蛋白質等攝取量；與配偶及其他親人同住者綠色菜餚占每日三餐比例最高，顯見家庭具有高度的重要性機制；不同居住縣市與族群參與者在彩虹餐盤菜色分量選擇上也有顯著差異，顯見在多元飲食的選擇上，皆會深受地理環境與文化背景所影響。最後則根據本研究結果提出建議，供高齡者主管機關及未來研究之參考。

From the perspective of the elderly, the researchers explored the relationship between the hometown-style and dietary diversity of the elderly. The research tools mainly refer to the"Hometown-style Dietary Diversity Scale for the Elderly" compiled by referring to relevant literature, and through questionnaire surveys and statistical data analysis. Expected The elderly who can explore different background variables, and the relationship between it and the hometown-style dietary diversity, the main purpose of this study is: 1. To explore the current situation of the "hometown-style dietary diversity" of the elderly. 2. Discuss the current status and differences of the "Hometown-style diversified diet Scale" among elderly people with different backgrounds. 3. Based on the results of this study, it will be used as a reference for administrative agencies such as education, social administration, health administration, and labor administration for the elderly. In this study, questionnaire survey method was used to select community colleges, senior universities, senior learning centers, independent learning groups for the elderly, community care bases and aboriginal health care centers who are over 55years old and have high motivation in the multi-community care service environment. A total of 332 samples were sent out, and 321 valid samples were recovered, with a recovery rate of 96.68%. According to the results of the research analysis, it was found that: 1. In terms of the distribution of the subjects, the number of females is higher than that of males; those who are 66 to 74 years old; those who have a college or university or above; the part of self-conscious health: I am in normal physical condition; those who live with my spouse and other relatives; People from southern Fujian; community care center and Taipei City have the most subjects. 2. The favorite shape of the dining table for the elderly is "round". 3 .Elderly people choose different dishes on the rainbow dinner plate. The higher the age group and the lower the self-conscious health level, due to physiological aging, priority is given to heavy taste, soft texture, easy chewing, and good digestion; number of people living in the same room will affect the number of dishes available The choice of the number of slices; the higher the education level, the more diversified the choice of diet and reduce the frequent consumption ofpickled food. , the taste is heavier, and they are all deeply influenced by the geographical environment and cultural background. 4. Elderly people choose the portion of different dishes on the rainbow dinner plate. Women have better knowledge of diet and nutrition than men. As they grow older and healthier, they will give priority to increasing the intake of vegetables and protein; live with spouses and other relatives The green dishes accounted for the highest proportion of three meals a day, which shows that the family has a high importance mechanism; there are also significant differences in the choice of rainbow meal dishes in the subjects of different living counties and ethnic groups. It will be deeply influenced by the geographical environment and cultural background. Finally, suggestions are made based on the results of this study for reference by the competent authorities of the elderly and future research.