國小高年級學童攝取含糖飲料行為與相關因素及肥胖風險之研究-以新北市為例

Abstract

此研究為深入探討國小高年級學童攝取含糖飲料行為與相關因素，並進行肥胖風險之研究，母群體為新北市國小高年級學童，採立意取樣以三峽區和鶯歌區某國小之111學年上學期之高年級學童為研究對象，共發出613份問卷，施測結束後，收回587份問卷，回收率為95.8％，扣除遺漏、填錯問卷，實際有效問卷為384份，有效回收率為65.4％。統計方法採描述性統計，獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析，皮爾森績差相關、史皮爾曼等級相關分析，複迴歸分析及邏輯斯回歸等方法分析。綜合分析研究結果之重要發現如下：一、 研究對象家庭以低社經地位居多(36.2％)，身體質量指數以正常占多(61.7％)，關於含糖飲料消費因素方面，獲取含糖飲料便利性以住家距離便利商店五分鐘以內較多(71.9％) 、每週可支配的零用錢為0元最多（40.1％）、每週獲取含糖飲料訊息來源及頻率以「手機」最高分（mean=2.94）、購買條件以「喜歡的口味」最高分（mean=3.89）。二、研究對象平均每星期含糖飲料總攝取量達2008.76cc。三、含糖飲料認知、態度、拒絕攝取含糖飲料的自我效能、攝取含糖飲料行為與研究對象的個人背景變項中的「家庭社經地位」有顯著差異，「高社經地位」優於「低社經地位」。四、含糖飲料認知、態度、拒絕攝取含糖飲料的自我效能分別與攝取含糖飲料行為(頻率)呈正相關，顯示研究對象對於含糖飲料認知越高、態度越正向、拒絕攝取含糖飲料自我效能越高、其攝取含糖飲料不良行為頻率越少。五、每週可支配的零用錢、每週獲取含糖飲料訊息來源及頻率、含糖飲料的購買條件與攝取含糖飲料總量有正相關，顯示當研究對象可支配的零用錢越多、接觸的訊息來源與頻率越多、購買條件考量越多，其攝取含糖飲料的量也越多。六、研究對象的「拒絕攝取含糖飲料自我效能」對攝取含糖飲料行為解釋力最大，全部的預測變項可解釋攝取含糖飲料行為總變異的47.0％。七、男性的肥胖風險比女性來得高（OR=0.361）；購買的便利性相比，住家離便利商店距離五分鐘內的肥胖風險比距離6-11分鐘以上來得高(OR=0.529)，其他變項則是未達統計顯著意義。本研究結果顯示雖然家庭高社經地位對攝取含糖飲料的行為表現優於低社經地位，但拒絕攝取含糖飲料的自我效能對於攝取含糖飲料行為的解釋力最高，代表研究對象可以相信自身能力做出正確的選擇，所以學校要再強化健康生活技能的教學，並和家長及社區合作營造支持性環境；然而不同於本研究之假設，攝取含糖飲料行為和肥胖風險沒有正相關，因此未來的研究建議可讓研究對象連續紀錄一週，實際喝的市售含糖飲料名稱、容量及數量，以利研究者轉換成喝的總熱量，更能精準比較攝取含糖飲料行為與肥胖之風險。The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of consuming sugary drinks (BCSD), related factors, and the risk of obesity among 5th and 6th graders in elementary school. The study population was composed of 5th and 6th graders in elementary school in New Taipei City, and a purposive sampling method was adopted. A total of 613 questionnaires were administered to 5th and 6th graders in an elementary school in Sanxia District and Yingge District in the first semester of the 2022 school year. After the administration, 587 questionnaires were returned, with a return rate of 95.8%. The actual number of valid questionnaires was 384 after deducting the omissions and wrongly filled questionnaires, and the return rate was 65.4% finally. Multiple approaches,including descriptive statistics,Independent Sample t test, One-way ANOVA ,Pearson Correlation,Spearman Correlation Analysis, multiple regression analysis and Logistic regression,are involved in the analysis.The main findings of the comprehensive analysis of the questionnaire results are as follows:1. Among the respondents, the ratio of those with low socioeconomic status was slightly higher (36.2%), and the ratio of those with normal body mass index showed a higher percentage (61.7%). Regarding the factors of consuming sugary drinks, those who lived within 5 minutes away from a convenience store (71.9%) had the most convenience in terms of access to sugary drinks; those who had $0 pocket money per week (40.1%) accounted for the most; in terms of the source and frequency of access to sugary drinks per week, the mean value of"cell phone" was the highest (2.94); and for purchasing conditions, the mean value of preferred taste was the highest (3.89). 2. The average weekly intake of sugary drinks in the study subjects reached 2008.76 cc. 3. Among the variables of sugary drink perceptions, attitudes, self-efficacy to refuse intake, and BCSD and personal background of the study population, "family socioeconomic status" showed significant differences. Those with "high socio-economic status" performed better than those with "low socio-economic status". 4. Sugary drink perceptions, attitudes, and self-efficacy to refuse sugary drinks were positively correlated with BCSD (less frequent), meaning that the higher the sugary drink perceptions, the more positive the attitudes, the higher the self-efficacy to refuse sugary drinks, and the less frequency of BCSD among the study subjects. 5. "Weekly disposable allowance," "weekly sources and frequency of sugary drink information," and "sugary drink purchase conditions" were positively correlated with total intake of sugary drinks, meaning that the more disposable allowance, the more sources and frequency of information, and the more purchase conditions were considered, then the intake of sugary drinks also increased.6. The highest explanatory power for BCSD was found for the variable"self-efficacy to refuse sugary drinks". The explanatory power of all the predictor variables for BCSD was 47.0%. 7. Males had a higher risk of obesity than females (OR=0.361); in terms of convenience of purchase, those who lived within a five-minute distance from a convenience store had a higher risk of obesity than those who lived over 6-11 minutes away (OR=0.529). The other variables were not statistically meaningful. The results of the study revealed that although those with high socioeconomic status in their families performed better on BCSD than those with low socioeconomic status, the self-efficacy of refusing to consume sugary drinks had the highest explanatory power for BCSD. This means that the study subjects can trust their ability to make the right choices. Thus, schools can reinforce the teaching of healthy living skills and work with parents and the community to create a supportive environment. However, unlike the hypothesis of this study, there was no positive correlation between BCSD and the risk of obesity. It is suggested that future studies may ask the participants to continuously keep records for a week, including the name, volume and quantity of commercially available sugary drinks consumed, so that the researchers can convert the total calories consumed. This will allow for a more accurate comparison of the association between BCSD and obesity risk.