臺灣登山教育發展之研究(2001-2024)

Abstract

臺灣具有絕佳的天然山林環境，多數的國人對於登山活動興趣高。加上2019年行政院宣示山林開放政策，提出「開放」、「透明」、「服務」、「教育」、「責任」五大政策主軸，全面提升登山活動環境，登山活動逐漸走向蓬勃發展。本研究目的一、探討臺灣登山教育的政策發展。二、探討臺灣登山教育納入高中以下各級學校課程。三、探討臺灣各級學校登山教育的實施。本研究方法使用文獻分析法與訪談法。研究範圍以學校教育中實施的登山教育，時間從2001年～2024年。研究結果發現，臺灣登山教育在2001至2012年間並無具體政策，主要依賴社團和個人喜好。2013年教育部體育署開始推動山野教育，2014年教育部發布戶外教育宣言，為政府政策的開始。2019年行政院推動山林開放政策，登山教育納入2019年12年新課綱，2023年修訂國民教育法，高中及國民中小學校實施戶外教育原則以支持登山教育的推動。而大學是推動登山教育的火車頭，執行先於政策，之後推動登山教育政策，培育專業的師資。而教育部體育署山野教育計畫增能現職師資。各級學校推動登山教育，小學以辦理畢業成長營為主，國中重視高關懷學生，紓解壓力，高中則結合生命教育，各具特色。

Taiwan boasts an excellent natural mountain environment, and many of its citizens have a high interest in hiking activities. In addition, the Executive Yuan's 2019 policy declaration on forest access, which emphasizes "openness," "transparency," "service," "education," and "responsibility," has significantly enhanced the hiking environment, leading to the gradual and vigorous development of hiking activities. The purposes of this study are: 1. To explore the policy development of mountain climbing education in Taiwan. 2. To investigate the inclusion of mountain climbing education in the curriculum of schools below the high school level in Taiwan. 3. To examine the implementation of mountain climbing education in various schools in Taiwan. This research adopts literature analysis and interview methods. The study focuses on the implementation of mountain climbing education within school education from 2001 to 2024. The findings reveal that there were no concrete policies for mountain climbing education in Taiwan between 2001 and 2012, relying mainly on clubs and personal interests. In 2013, the Sports Administration of the Ministry of Education began promoting mountain education, and in 2014, the Ministry of Education issued the Outdoor Education Declaration, marking the beginning of government policy. In 2019, the Executive Yuan promoted the forest access policy, integrating mountain climbing education into the 2019 The 12-Year Curriculum Guidelines. The National Education Act was amended in 2023 to support the promotion of mountain climbing education in high schools and elementary and junior high schools through outdoor education principles. Universities act as the leaders in promoting mountain climbing education, often implementing initiatives ahead of policy, cultivating professional teaching staff. The Sports Administration's mountain education program enhances the capabilities of current teachers. Various schools promote mountain climbing education with primary schools focusing on graduation growth camps, junior high schools emphasizing high-care students to relieve stress, and high schools combining it with life education, each with its unique characteristics.