電子產品使用時間與臺灣五歲幼兒攻擊行為之關係：以家長懲罰作為中介變項

Abstract

本研究主要探討幼兒電子產品使用時間對幼兒攻擊行為的影響，以及父母的懲罰行為在其中的中介效果檢驗。本研究推論父母的懲罰行為可能為幼兒電子產品使用對幼兒攻擊行為影響的中介因素，並對此作出分析。若推論成立，可以提供有力的根據，讓父母處理幼兒電子產品使用的紀律時，盡量不要採取打罵的方式作管制。研究對象為幼兒發展調查資料庫建置計畫36月齡組第三波60月齡，共1850名的幼兒樣本。經皮爾森積差相關分析、獨立樣本t檢定、階層迴歸分析以及Hayes（2022）的 process 4.0模型4作資料分析。本研究重要的分析結果如下﹕ 一. 幼兒電子產品使用時間對幼兒的身體攻擊行為有顯著解釋力。二. 幼兒電子產品使用時間只對母親的體罰頻率具顯著解釋力，但對父親的的體罰頻率沒有顯著解釋力。三. 控制父母教育程度以及幼兒性別後，母親的體罰頻率在幼兒電子產品使用時間對幼兒身體攻擊行為的影響中，具有部分中介效果。四. 體罰頻率在幼兒電子產品使用時間與幼兒身體攻擊行為之間的中介效果會受到幼兒性別影響。總結，幼兒電子產品使用時間越長，越有機會增加母親體罰頻率，從而増加幼兒的身體攻擊行為，建議父母在管理幼兒的行為時盡量避免採用體罰去作控制。This study investigates the impact of screen time on aggressive behavior in young children and examines the mediating effect of parental punishment behavior. It is hypothesized that parental punishment behavior may mediate the relationship between children's screen time and aggressive behavior. If this hypothesis is supported, it could provide strong evidence for parents to avoid using punitive measures such as physical punishment when disciplining children's use of electronic devices. The study utilizes data from the " National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care(KIT) " focusing on a sample of 1,850 children aged 60 months. Analysis methods include Pearson product-moment correlation, independent samples t-test, hierarchical regression analysis, and Hayes'(2022) PROCESS Model 4. The key findings are as follows: 1) The duration of children's screen time significantly predicted their physical aggressive behavior. 2) The duration of children's screen time significantly predicted the frequency of maternal physical punishment but not paternal physical punishment. 3) The frequency of maternal physical punishment partially mediated the relationship between children's screen time and their physical aggressive behavior. 4) The mediating effect of punishment frequency on the relationship between children's screen time and physical aggressive behavior was influenced by the child's gender. In conclusion, longer screen time in young children is associated with an increased frequency of maternal physical punishment, which in turn escalates the child's physical aggressive behavior. It is recommended that parents avoid using physical punishment when managing their children's behavior.