新型態三動力混合四輪驅動車輛設計製作與主動式可變負載扭力分配

Abstract

本研究依照市面上的混合動力車輛為基礎，在車輛傳動系統進行最佳化，加裝一款新型中央扭力分配差速器，且搭配電動調節馬達來分配車輛的前軸與後軸扭力，新型中央扭力分配差速器主體是行星機構，安裝於車輛的前軸與後軸中央，將行星機構之太陽輪連接電動調節馬達，行星架連接於後軸、行星機構的環輪連接至前軸，利用公式描述了行星機構運動特性以及進行扭力分配的原理。在實驗過程中使用Matlab/Simulink 建立一套模擬架構模擬模塊。接著使用本研究元件規格性能的收集與分析，解釋了扭力分配的操作和相關控制方法，而後利用本研究元件規格模擬不同狀態下扭力分配情形，以及整體車輛能耗情況，以評估本研究的可行性，研究結果表明了新型中央扭力分配差速器搭配扭力分配在WLTP行車型態於正常路面下，使前後軸的扭力分配達到100%，另外純前輪驅動相較於純後輪驅動燃油消耗表現僅增加了7.17%燃油消耗量。在車輛動力需求扭力大於元件最大扭力狀況下，調節馬達也能用來當作驅動車輛元件之一，彌補車輛不足的需求扭力，因此達到三動力混合動力車輛之功能。在車輛實體製作方面主要分為動力系統、車體架構、傳動系統、懸吊系統與動力控系進行製作與設計規劃，依造市面上小型車的規格做為參照，搭配各廠的零組件安裝，在一些市面上較少見的特殊元件，例如本研究的行星機構組則是繪製工程圖給予加工廠製作。This study was based on commercialized hybrid electrical vehicle we, optimized the vehicle transmission system, mounted a new central torque distribution differential and utilized electrical modulating motor to allocate the torque between the front axle and rear axle. The sum gear of planetary gear linked to the electrical modulating motor, the front and rear axle is connected to the ring gear and planetary carrier respectively. The mechanical characteristics of planetary gear and the fundamental of torque distribution was formulated.In the experiment, the simulation module of the vehicle was established via Maltab/Simulink. To explain the operation of torque distribution and control theory, the component performance was collected and analyzed in this study, the torque distribution in different conditions and vehicle energy consumption were described by the component specifications and we evaluated the feasibility of our study.The results show that newly central torque differential reach 100% torque distribution from rear axle to front axle in WLTP driving cycle and comparison with the rear-wheel drive, the front-wheel drive can increase 7.17% fuel consumption only. As demand torque is more than the maximum component toque, the electrical modulating motor can be as power to drive the vehicle to reach the triple-hybrid-power electrical vehicle. In terms of vehicle manufacturing, it is divided into power system, the vehicles’ body structure, transmission system, suspension system andpowered control system for manufacturing and designing. According to the specifications of vehicles on the market as a reference, it is assembled with the parts of each manufacturer. Some special parts that are rare in the market, such as the epicyclic gearing group in this study. The epicyclic gearing group are drawn the engineering drawings for the processing plant to make.