社會中的科學衝突：知識研究方法與爭議案例

Abstract

當代社會的科學議題，涉及龐大且跨領域的知識範圍，包含知識本質的科學不確定性，以及專家利害關係人作為知識代言者的論述與立場偏誤，最終使科技政策論辯過程並非以學術研究成果作為基礎。雖近期社會脈絡中的科學研究趨勢，已逐漸涵容公眾參與及提升決策品質的方向。基於實證以提升決策品質漸成顯學，然而實務上作為實證決策的科學證據常僅片面與間接地出現在公眾決策的場合中。本研究實踐以知識為主體的科學參與為目標，回顧其背景理論與研究方法，並以人機協作的混合文獻研究法為主要工具，以萊克多巴胺肉品進口爭議、大崙尾山碳中和複層林營造案兩個背景知識本質相異，但都具爭議且被社會關注之議題為研究案例。分析結果顯示，此類爭議議題均始於上位政策，均有大量專家參與論辯，但專家間存在領域學理或學術社群的對立，致使社會衝突無法透過常態的專業知識機制得到解決。本研究亦確認文獻回顧技術的混合運用，可有效處理爭議性科學議題的關鍵問題，並識別爭議之本質，該方法具有公眾協作的良善效益，因此提出民主治理機制的調整方向，以實踐低成本的科技民主參與。In contemporary society, scientific issues span vast interdisciplinary knowledge, entailing inherent uncertainties and biases from experts and stakeholders. This reality often disconnects technological policy debates from academic research. Recent trends in scientific research favor public participation and decision-making quality, but evidence-based decision-making still struggles, presenting fragmented scientific evidence in public policymaking. This study explores practical scientific participation, utilizing a hybrid literature study method with human-computer collaboration. It examines two socially significant cases: the ractopamine-treated meat import dispute and the Dalunweishan carbon-neutral forest project. Analysis shows these issues, stemming from higher-level policies, involve extensive expert debates but suffer from unresolved conflicts within expert communities. The study confirms that combining literature review techniques effectively tackles contentious scientific topics, identifying dispute essences and promoting public collaboration. It suggests adjustments in democratic governance to enable low-cost, technological democratic participation.