延展實境(XR)於電視實況節目應用之研究

Abstract

延展實境(Extended Reality，以下稱XR)的應用，讓影像表演藝術迎來嶄新的時代，創作者能以前所未有的真實性呈現圖像和文本。近年XR單機拍攝技術應用於影視後期節目，如Netflix影集、電影、廣告MV或預錄節目表演。如何應用XR拍攝Live實況節目也引起廣電業界討論。本研究主要目的在探討XR技術對傳統製播實況節目產業的影響，包括技術、人員組織、系統架構、工作流程以及效益和限制等方面。本研究採用混和式研究，「參與式觀察法（Participant observational method）」及「半結構式訪談法(Semi-structured interview)」，研究者參加2022到2024年NAB、BIRTV、IBC三個國外大型廣電設備展會，實際觀察國際XR設備製造商，探討技術及工作流程。國內對民視、TVBS、三立、鏡電視使用XR設備之節目製作流程進行研究分析。本研究遴選訪問8位廣電業界專家所獲資料，研究人員組織架構、製播流程、製播設備，調查所獲之效益及限制，再進一步做分析歸納。本研究結論獲得拍攝XR實況節目過程中一系列重要發現，包括製作人員需具備的專業知識、適合XR製作的節目類型、明確的工作流程、組織架構的調整方向以及製作節目遇到的問題與挑戰。此外，本研究特別關注XR多機拍攝技術，研究調查資料分析發現了顯著的關聯性結果，進一步為實況節目應用XR多機同步拍攝提供了重要的研究參考。這些成果有助於洞察XR產業未來的發展方向及應用。Extended Reality (XR) technology has brought virtual performance into a new generation. With the development of LED displays, Unreal real-time game engine, Artificial Intelligence (AI), computer hardware and graphics cards, creators can present images and text with unprecedented realism. In recent years, XR technology with single camera shooting has been using for film and television, including Netflix series, movies, advertisements, music videos, and pre-recorded performances. XR has also impacted the system architecture of equipment, personnel organization structure of production, and workflow from post production to broadcasting program in live shows. This research aims as analyzing the technical improvement of XR, and its impact on traditional live production and broadcasting personnel organization, system architecture, workflow, benefits, and limitations.This research employs a mixed-method approach, integrating the Participant Observational Method and Semi-structured Interview Method. The researcher attended three major international broadcasting exhibitions—NAB, BirTV, and IBC—between 2022 and 2024, conducting direct observations of international XR equipment manufacturers to examine their technologies and workflows. The research also analyzed the production workflows of XR-equipped programs at Formosa TV, TVBS, Sanlih, and Mirror TV. Data were collected through interviews with eight broadcasting industry experts, focusing on organizational structures, production workflows, and equipment usage. The findings were further analyzed to assess the benefits and limitations of XR live production.The research concludes with a clear understanding of workflows, organizational structures, and the challenges encountered in producing XR live programs. It also identifies the potential of XR multi-camera shooting technology, revealing significant correlations with workflow improvements, offering valuable insights into the future development of the broadcasting industry.