適性教學與輔導的教育哲學基礎：從教育的世俗性與神聖性談起

Abstract

本文主要探究教育的世俗性與神聖性，並論述兩者間的關係，以此作為推動適性教學與輔導的教育哲學基礎。首先，從中西的教育發展，提出宗教中立、化民成俗與生活關聯性等，作為教育的世俗性內涵，並且指出當前學校教育趨向現實功利的世俗化隱憂；其次，通過中國文化以人文作為「通天」進路的神聖觀，證成學校教育立基於「天人合一」的價值創造，可以媲美天地生成萬物之大德，因此具有神聖的崇高價值。最後，教育的「聖」與「俗」是融合並存，相輔相成。教育理想的完成需要「入俗」，在日常的適性教學與輔導活動中點滴寸進；藉由「返聖」的向上回歸，常保源頭活水與中流砥柱的力量，可以避免教育過度趨向現實功利，淪為專制體制與資本主義下的工具或商品，使適性教學與輔導的理想成為空言。儘管學校問題錯綜複雜，經緯萬端，借鏡先哲智慧，重建校園文化的世俗性與神聖性，或可作為革新學校教育，實踐適性教學與輔導的先備視野。

This paper aims to explore and elaborate the philosophical education for adaptive teaching and counseling by exploring the secularity and the sacredness of educational experiences. The dimension of secularity is based on the need of life. It means that education should enable people to adapt themselves to changes of the world and to deal with a variety of unforeseeable ituations. In other words, education has a practical role to play in economic and social development. In the recent decades, market values have become a dominant power. The world become more and more dehumanized as a result of capitalism. In the future, the phenomena may loom even larger. Schools would be more utilitarian than ever. It is urgent to emphasize the role of education as one of the principal means to foster a deeper and more harmonious form of human development. It is the sacredness of education. The sacredne s of education is based on the development of men from the natural capacity to the ideal perfection by way of the function of reasoning. As such, in order to keep the balance of education, the secularity and the sacredness of education should be emphasized at the same time. It is the foundation of adaptive teaching and counseling.