柴科夫斯基作品三十七《四季》樂曲內涵與鋼琴指導之探究

Abstract

本研究旨在探究俄國音樂家Tchaikovsky作品三十七《四季》的樂曲內涵與鋼琴指導。研究者邀請三位具相關專業之研究參與者，並以自編訪談大綱進行深度訪談，待答問題除論題所揭，尚包含相關演奏及教學經驗。所獲結論如下：一、 演奏者個人求學與演出經驗、生活上的體會，及各種藝術文學的閱歷等，均有助於彈奏的呈現與詮釋。二、 彈奏上的選曲，可依場合的不同選擇各具特色的曲目，例如在比賽中挑選演奏節奏性較強，炫技的月份。三、 教學者可以提供主題式練習或是利用選曲的方式給予學生彈奏作品《四季》。四、 作品《四季》具有精緻細膩的內涵，雖為鋼琴作品，但具備管弦樂聲響配置的效果。五、 作品《四季》所搭配的詩詞展現了俄國在地的風土民情、自然氣候等，輔以作品更具體的想像，更能貼近Tchaikovsky原有的創作及詮釋。六、 作品《四季》的獨特性在於以不同角度來論，會有不一樣的觀點：以季節與生活來論，《四季》為容易理解且貼近日常的音樂作品之一；以不同的時空地域差異性來論，彈奏《四季》須具備深厚的藝術素養，較能貼近作曲家的創作想法。七、 作品《四季》的曲式與創作背景為最基礎的知識，但不應僅限於此，應拓展至理解每個樂句裡的意義、文學作品的擴充閱讀，相近年代的音樂作品聆賞等亦不可或缺。八、 作品《四季》的彈奏要領中，學生需具備聆聽、分辨音色的能力，以及相當程度的彈奏技巧。九、 作品《四季》的音樂詮釋包括對於俄國的文學、生活習俗、作曲家創作的風格意義等須有深厚的了解。在閱歷有限的情況下，引導學生利用自身的生活經驗來聯想，可以幫助詮釋更切合作品本身。依據前述結論，研究者就作品《四季》之演奏者、指導者及未來研究者提出相關建議。The purpose of this research is to inquire the music content and piano instruction of Russian musician Tchaikovsky’s “The Seasons, Op. 37b”. The researcher invited three research participants who are specialize in playing and teaching piano, and implemented depth interview with interview guidelines created by researcher. Besides music content and piano instruction, research questions included the research participants’ performance and teaching experience. The conclusions based on the interview are as followed:1. The experience of studying overseas, life, and viewing various art and literature, etc., all contribute to the interpretation of playing “The Seasons”.2. According to different occasions, performers can choose pieces that have different characteristic to play. For example, pieces are strong-rhythm and virtuoso can be chosen in the piano competition.3. Instructor can give students part of pieces for performance or teaching them with thematic instruction.4. “The Seasons” is quite delicate. Although it is a piano work, the orchestral sound can be heard in this piece.5. The poems used in “The Seasons” including the local culture, customs, natural landscape, and local climate of Russia. It can help performers to play the pieces with imagination, and close to what Tchaikovsky want to express.6. From the perspective of the seasons and lifestyle, “The Seasons” is close to everyone’s daily and easy to understand; but if it is based on the different customs and culture between Taiwan and Russia, performers possessing solid art literacy can be closer to what composer want to interpret.7. For “The Seasons”, the music form and history is the most basic need to know, but the players should think more about than that. It should be expanded to understand the meaning of each phrase, read-around of literature, and listen to the musical works that close to that musical period.8. From the perspective of technique learning of “The Seasons”, students should have the ability of listening and distinguishing of timbre, also achieve great-level of piano technique.9. Based on the piano instruction of interpretation, students require a deep understanding of Russian literature, culture and customs, and the meaning of composer’s style and emotion, etc. In the case of limited experience, instructor can combine with students' life experience to make the interpretation closer to the cultural meaning behind “The Seasons”.

Based on the conclusions above, some suggestions to performers, piano instructors and future researchers of “The Seasons” are provided.