清末民初軍國民教育思潮
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Date
1984-06-??
Authors
瞿立鶴
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國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處
Office of Research and Development
Office of Research and Development
Abstract
軍國民教育，為本諸「文武合一，德術兼備」觀念，欲藉教育歷程，培養國民具有軍人知識、技能、習慣、態度、理想與情操，用以愛護民族，效忠國家。內抗專制，外禦強敵，以求民族統一，國家獨立之謂也。清末民初軍國民教育，為學者專家在民族主義教育思潮下，所提倡出之保國衛民的教育主張。綜觀其遞嬗演變，約可分為三類：一、學堂尚武教育思潮學堂尚武教育，為新式學校中，增列兵式體操、及體育競技科目，培養尚武精神，以除從前文弱書生之積習。用以強身衛國。此類教育思想，起自光緒二十年左右，至光緒二十七年前後為止。二、全民皆兵教育思潮全民皆兵教育，為全體國民藉教育歷程，培養健康身體，尚武精神，愛國觀念，平時各務其業，戰時保國衛民。此類思想，起自光緒二十八年左右，至民國七年前後止。三、學校軍事訓練教育思潮學校軍訓教育，為學校增列軍事訓練課程，欲藉教育歷程，培養文武兼備，德術兼修，負起保國衛民責任。此類教育思想起自民國八年左右，至民國十八年前後止。
The educational thoughts of military-training were a main-stream under the tide of nationalism at the end of the Ching Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic. The goal of educational thoughts of military-training was to provide the programs of military training courses for students in all schools in order to cultivate competency which soldiers needed so as to protect the mother country against invasion.The evolution of the educational thoughts of military-training could be divided into three periods:In the first period, 1895-1900, the programs of modern schools emphasized physical education for the health of students to make them physically fit.In the second period, 1901-1918, the programs in all schools focused on national spirit, Chinese culture, moral, and physical education which all students needed in order to make them love their mother country.In the third period, 1919-1929, the programs of secondary schools, colleges, and universities emphasized the military training courses to cultivate competency that was necessary to protect the mother country from the enemy.
The educational thoughts of military-training were a main-stream under the tide of nationalism at the end of the Ching Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic. The goal of educational thoughts of military-training was to provide the programs of military training courses for students in all schools in order to cultivate competency which soldiers needed so as to protect the mother country against invasion.The evolution of the educational thoughts of military-training could be divided into three periods:In the first period, 1895-1900, the programs of modern schools emphasized physical education for the health of students to make them physically fit.In the second period, 1901-1918, the programs in all schools focused on national spirit, Chinese culture, moral, and physical education which all students needed in order to make them love their mother country.In the third period, 1919-1929, the programs of secondary schools, colleges, and universities emphasized the military training courses to cultivate competency that was necessary to protect the mother country from the enemy.