屏東縣青年創業政策之分析-以雙鑽石設計流程為觀點

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2022

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全球青年創業能量水漲船高,青年投入地方發展已成為顯學。屏東縣自潘縣長上任以來,積極執行青年創業政策,打造出學習、孵化、經營品牌的青創輔導鏈。而近年盛行的地方創生風潮,以「均衡台灣」為口號,希望達成青年返鄉、在地創業、活絡地方產業、尋找地方DNA等目標,與屏東青年創業政策目標一致。近年來屏東縣青年專責單位經歷變動,其規劃策略與歷程是如何進行與發想?屏東縣政府做為支持屏東青年發展的頭號角色,未來又該如何銜接地方創生?  本研究以屏東縣青年創業政策為個案研究,透過地方創生提倡的雙鑽石設計流程觀點出發。從屏東縣青年創業問題需求的盤點、組織與政策的籌備,到青創輔導鏈學習、孵化、品牌的方案推展與未來挑戰,以深度訪談法訪談產官學三方,梳理研究結果並提供青年創業政策與地方創生之未來建議。  屏東青創輔導鏈的研究發現:1. 發現階段(Discover)盤點出屏東人口老化、少子化、人口外移及閒置空間等問題,優勢方面盤點出屏東特色產業、多元文化以及首長支持,作為屏東青創輔導鏈的前因;2. 定義階段(Define)重點於首長對青年議題的強烈支持及籌備團隊的創新思維,使得屏東快速聚焦重要問題,規劃出彈性、落地,從青年需求出發的政策構想與組織;3. 發展階段(Develop)著重於青創輔導鏈學習、孵化、品牌三個聚落的推展,本研究發現學習部分以建立資料庫、人脈網絡為主要方案;孵化部分以實驗性孵化器為主要方案;品牌部分以群聚效果為主要核心,欲透過階段性的扶持,打造屬於屏東的青年創業支持系統。而發展階段分析出青創輔導鏈的困難具有空間定義、青年依賴、政府思維、硬體設備四大問題。4. 實行階段(Deliver)發現併入正式單位後,內部人員經歷換血,政策方向轉變,與過往青創輔導鏈核心精神不同。而未來政府擬從孵化業務退場,轉而扶持加速器,未有相關配套措施情形下,也可能造成青創輔導鏈優勢消逝。  本研究建議未來屏東青年創業政策應針對空間定義、青年依賴、政府人員、硬體設備方面著眼進行改善。未來地方創生政策可結合青創輔導鏈資源,亦可借鏡青創輔導鏈的聚落型式,依據地方的特色轉換聚落主題性,透過青年創業聚落的支持與群聚,慢慢取代補助,成為地方創生培力點。
The global youth entrepreneurship energy is rising, and youth investment in local development has become a prominent learning. Pingtung County since Pan County mayor took office, actively implement the policy of youth entrepreneurship, to create a learning, incubation, and brand management of the Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain. In recent years, the popular trend of Regional Revitalization, with the slogan of"Balanced Taiwan", hopes to achieve the goals of young people returning to their hometown, starting businesses in the local area, activating local industries, and finding local DNA, which is consistent with the policy goal of youth entrepreneurship in Pingtung. Pingtung government youth task force has undergone changes in recent years. how has its planning strategy and process been carried out? How should the Pingtung County government, with the leading role in supporting youth development in Pingtung, connect with Regional Revitalization in the future?  This study takes the youth entrepreneurship policy of Pingtung County as a case study and starts from the perspective of the double diamond design process advocated by Regional Revitalization. From the review of the needs of youth entrepreneurship in Pingtung County, organization and policy preparation, to the learning, incubation, brand promotion, and future challenges of the Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain, the in-depth interview method was used to interview the three parties of the industry- government-university, to summarize the research results and provide suggestions for the future of youth entrepreneurship policy and Regional Revitalization.  Research findings of Pingtung Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain:1. Discover: Find out the problems of population aging, low-birth rate, rural flight, and idle space in Pingtung. Find out the advantages of Pingtung's characteristic industries, diverse cultures, and leadership support, which are the reasons for the Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain. 2. Define: Focus on the strong support of the leadership for youth issues and the innovative thinking of the preparatory team, enabling Pingtung to quickly focus on important issues and plan flexible and practical policy ideas and organizations based on the needs of youth; 3. Develop: Focuses on learning, incubation, and brand development of the Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain. The study part found that the learning part mainly focuses on building databases and networking. In the incubation part, an experimental incubator is the main scheme. The Cluster Effect is the core of the brand part. They want to create a support system for Pingtung's youth entrepreneurship through phased support. At the development stage, it is analyzed that the difficulties of the Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain include four major problems: spatial definition, youth dependence, government thinking, and hardware equipment. 4. Deliver: After being incorporated into formal units, internal staff has undergone changes and policy directions have changed, which is different from the core spirit of the Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain in the past. In the future, if the government plans to withdraw from incubation business and support accelerators instead, without relevant supporting measures, the advantages of the Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain may disappear.  This study suggests that future youth entrepreneurship policies in Pingtung should focus on improving spatial definition, youth dependency, government personnel, and hardware equipment. In the future, Regional Revitalization policies can combine the resources of the Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain, and also learn from the settlement pattern of the Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain to transform the theme of settlements according to local characteristics. Through the support and clustering of youth entrepreneurship clusters, they can gradually replace subsidies and become the training point for Regional Revitalization.

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青年創業政策, 青創輔導鏈, 雙鑽石設計流程, 地方創生, 設計思考, Youth Entrepreneurship Policy, Youth Entrepreneurship Guidance Chain, Double Diamond Design Process, Regional Revitalization, Design Thinking

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