陪伴他們一同走過的返家路—社工提供兒少安置返家後追蹤輔導服務之經驗

Abstract

為協助結束安置並返回原生家庭的兒少逐步適應返家後的生活，並能於原生家庭中穩定地成長，兒童及少年福利與權益保障法即規定社工需於其返家後提供追蹤輔導服務，以避免再次安置的發生。但鑑於我國兒少保護體系對後續追蹤輔導服務缺乏相當的關注，且對安置兒少返家經驗的研究尚付之闕如，故本研究旨在了解安置兒少返家歷程與需求，以及社工提供其返家後追蹤輔導服務的經驗。 本研究採用立意抽樣及滾雪球抽樣法選取研究對象，並以半結構式的深度訪談法蒐集資料，共訪談了七位提供安置兒少返家後追蹤輔導服務超過一年的社會工作者。在統整並分析訪談內容後，發現安置兒少返家的歷程就像步上了一條迢迢的山路，而社工及其提供的服務就像兩旁協助照亮道路的路燈，伴著兒少不斷前進，直至結案為止。據此，本研究結論包含： 一、因當局對追蹤輔導服務投入的資源較少，使後追工作缺乏積極性且僅能提供殘補性的服務；故為彌補後追工作的不足，社工於兒少返家前即會進行一連串的佈局，包含「親子及原生家庭的維繫」、「心理建設與返家期待的溝通」及「服務網絡成員的知會」，而兒少通往返家路的大門也將就此開啟。 二、安置兒少的返家經驗並非全然負面，而是時好時壞、上下振盪、不斷改變的動態歷程，且將因著家庭與父母功能的差異而有不同的結果，使其返家歷程猶如充斥了曲折與分支的山路。 三、兒少的返家路可能因再次受虐或家長申請自願安置而中斷。其中，影響返家兒少再次安置的因素相當多元，且主要來自「兒少本身之特質」、「原生家庭之因素」以及「服務體系之因素」三大面向。 四、如同被雲霧遮去光亮的燈火，社工在服務過程中將面臨重重的難關與限制，並進而影響其服務成效，且其服務困境與限制主要來自「原生家庭」、「服務機構」、「資源網絡」與「制度及政治因素」四大面向。 文末，研究者則針對研究發現與討論提出建議，以供未來實務提供追蹤輔導服務之參考。 For helping the children and youth after care to return to the original family and gradually adapt to the life after returning home, the Child and Youth Welfare and Rights Protection Act requires social workers to provide follow-up services to them. But since the lack of concern for follow-up services from children and youth protection system and empirical studies in Taiwan, this study aims to explore the care leavers’ experiences and demands after they return to the original family, and the social workers’ experiences of follow-up services. This study used purposive sampling and snowball sampling to collect interviewers, and having interviewed with a total of seven social workers, who have engaged follow-up services for care leavers with more than one year, by semi-structured in-depth interview. The conclusions of this study as follows: 1.Because of the lack of resources for follow-up services, social workers may provide a series of services, including “preserving the relationship between children and their original family”, “communicating the expectation of returning home”, and “informing members of the service network”, to care leavers and their family before returning to original family. 2.The care leavers’ experiences of returning home is not entirely negative, but a process full of up-and-down, and it may be different by the function of family and parents. 3.The factors that “children characteristics”, “family characteristics”, and “children welfare service characteristics” have been found to be associated with an increased risk of re-entry to out-of-home care for care leavers. 4.Social workers may face with numerous difficulties and limitations, which come from “original family”, “service organization”, “service network”, and “regulation and political factors”, in the period of services provided. According to the funding of this study, researcher provides discussions and suggestions as future references for practices work of follow-up services at the end of the paper.