越南語性別歧視現象之研究

Abstract

尊重和平等是建立一個包容性社會的基石。然而，在語言中，我們卻常常發現潛在的性別歧視。這種語言性別歧視反映了社會性別不平等的現象，並可能對個人和群體造成負面影響。台灣和越南之間的交流與合作日益增加，越南成為台灣重要的外交夥伴之一。這種深化的互動促使學者們對越南文化和語言進行更深入的瞭解，並意識到其中的性別歧視問題。然而，對於越南語的性別歧視現象，在台灣至今尚未有較多的探討。因此，本論文旨在深入探討越南語的語言性別歧視現象，同時在一定的範圍中與中文進行對比研究。研究內容主要包兩個部分為：一、越南語性別歧視的表現與二、語言變遷。對於第一部分，本研究借鑒前人的研究成果，同時設計適合分析越南語性別歧視現象的結構進行分析。研究過程中所使用的語料來自詞典、文學作品、日常生活以及社會中各領域的語言使用。第二部分為語言變遷，論文通過調查與訪談來了解性別歧視語言現象和語言使用者對性別角色認知觀念的改變。研究結果顯示：首先，在越南語中，男女兩性皆存在性別歧視現象，但女性更常成為歧視的對象。這主要表現於四個方面：姓名與稱呼方式、字詞結構、社會對兩性之觀念、刻板印象。第二，從北屬時期到現在，越南語的許多性別歧視現象普遍度顯著下降，甚至消失。語言使用者對性別角色認知觀念也有多改變，如他們對有關性別議題的關注度上升，傾向使用中性化的詞語，對具有性別歧的語言有避免使用的態度。研究者期望本研究能夠對語言性別歧視的研究做出一小部分貢獻，讓世界上的語言變得更完善。Respect and equality are the cornerstones of building an inclusive society. However, even in language, we can find underlying gender discrimination. This linguistic gender bias reflects the gender inequality prevalent in society and can have negative impacts on individuals and groups.There has been limited discussion regarding gender discrimination in the Vietnamese language in Taiwan. Therefore, this paper aims to delve into the linguistic gender discrimination in Vietnamese, while also conducting a comparative study with Chinese within a certain scope.The research primarily consists of two parts: the manifestation of gender discrimination in the Vietnamese language and language change. For the first part, this study draws upon previous research findings and designs suitable structures for analyzing gender discrimination in Vietnamese. The second part focuses on language change, where the paper investigates and interviews to understand the phenomena of gender-discriminatory language and changes in language users' perception of gender roles. The research findings reveal the following: Firstly, in the Vietnamese language, both genders experience gender discrimination, but females are more often the targets of discrimination. This is mainly manifested in four aspects: naming and addressing conventions, lexical structures, societal concepts of genders, and stereotypes. Secondly, many gender discriminatory phenomena in the Vietnamese language have significantly decreased or even disappeared. Language users' perception of gender roles has also undergone various changes, such as increased awareness of gender-related issues and an avoidance of language that reinforces gender discrimination. The researchers hope that this study can contribute in a small way to the research on linguistic gender discrimination and contribute to making languages around the world more inclusive and equitable.