戰後老高雄市區路街巷命名系統與發展特性

Abstract

1980年代開始，地理學的地名研究開始引進批判理論，地名研究的內容從過去的探源和分類，轉而開始探討地名命名的政治脈絡和權力關係。1990年代以後，臺灣也逐漸興起批判地名的研究，由於過去受到不同政權的統治，因此在眾多研究中，多半強調不同政權下，地名代表的政治符號和象徵意義。 近代高雄市的發展，主要在日治時期依附高雄港的興建，遠離過去清代左營和鳳山兩個行政中心；戰後國民政府接收臺灣後始有現在道路命名，由前可知，高雄市道路命名受到國民政府的影響較多。上述結果對近代高雄市區的道路命名，會產生如何影響？本文以1955年「高雄都市計畫區域圖」作為研究區域，嘗試以高雄市戶政事務所的「門牌戶籍」資料為基準，借助批判理論從國家權力角度切入，以了解「老高雄市區」道路發展和命名特性。 本研究將「老高雄市區」道路命名分為「路街」和「文字巷」兩種形式，透過戶政事務所的門牌異動資料，並對照中研院臺灣百年歷史地圖，探討兩者命名的歷史進程。在1960年代以前「路」和「街」的層級不同，命名類型也不一樣，隨著時間演進和「中國地名」命名系統規劃興起，1960年代以後「路」和「街」命名類型趨於一樣，其變化主要來自規劃者的需求與目的；「文字巷」命名出現在1974年以前，其命名方式和次序與「路街」不同，最終因「數字巷」便於使用而逐步被取代。顯示出過去「路」、「街」和「文字巷」的命名和規劃，具有考量到道路層級的差異。

The place-names study began to explore the political context and power relations of naming from the critical theory introduce into toponymy in 1980s. Taiwan also has gradually developed the critical theory of the toponymy since 1990. Because Taiwan was under the control of different regimes for a long time, the toponymy study focuses on the political power and symbolic meanings. The Kaohsiung City was built in the form of Port of Kaohsiung in during Japanese colonial period, so it was far from the two administrative centers, Zuoying and Fengshan, in the Qing Dynasty. The Streets got their existing names after the Chinese Nationalist Government relocated to Taiwan. Hence, the street-naming in Kaohsiung is not affected by Qing or Japanese culture. The author wants to make sure whether the street-naming in Kaohsiung is different from that in the other cities in Taiwan? Therefore, the author ‘s study field focuses on the critical theory and choose “Kaohsiung City Plan Area Map in 1955 ”, which is renamed “Old Downtown of Kaohsiung City”, and try to figure out Street-Naming System how to build in Kaohsiung. According to the research, the street-naming system can be divided into “Road and Street”and“Text Lane”(文字巷). In the“Road and Street”, “Roads” and “Streets” were named are different according to the planners purpose before 1959. When the“Chinese landmark” used in the street-naming system, it seems the planners recognized the same level and purpose between “Roads” and “Streets”. The “Text Lane” had own naming and rule before 1974. Because of the user confusion and unconventionality, the “Text Lane” changed into the “Number Lane”(數字巷). In a word, the search shows street-naming between "Road and Street”and "Text Lane" is from different systems with the hierarchy of roads and functions.