大學生負向生活事件、反芻、經驗逃避與憂鬱情緒之關聯性探究

Abstract

本研究主要目的在於了解大學生負向生活事件、自責式反芻、反省式反芻、經驗逃避及憂鬱情緒之間的相關與預測力，並進而探討自責式反芻及反省式反芻是否分別調節負向生活事件與憂鬱情緒，而經驗逃避與自責式反芻、反省式反芻間的關係是否調節憂鬱情緒。研究對象為大學一年級至大學四年級的本國籍在學生，共592個有效樣本。研究方法以滾雪球法方便抽樣進行網路問卷調查。研究工具為「中文反應風格量表修訂短版-反芻反應風格分量表」、「大學生生活事件調查表-負向生活事件分量表」、「接納與行動問卷第二版」、「董氏憂鬱情緒量表（大專版）」。主要研究結果如下： 一、自責式反芻與反省式反芻對憂鬱情緒的關聯性，發現兩者均與憂鬱情緒呈現正向關聯，且自責式反芻與反省式反芻均能顯著預測憂鬱情緒。 二、自責式反芻及反省式反芻均會擴大負向生活事件對憂鬱情緒的效果，調節效果均成立；但在調節效果方面，在低負向生活事件的情況下，高自責式反芻比高反省式反芻的憂鬱情緒來得更高，而兩者的低分組則差異不大。 三、即便是高自責式反芻或高反省式反芻的狀況下，若能降低個體經驗逃避的程度，將能有助於緩解憂鬱情緒嚴重度；而在調節效果方面，低經驗逃避的調節效果在高反省式反芻的情況下可以和憂鬱情緒拉開距離並使其憂鬱表現有所緩解，但若在高自責式反芻的情形下則效果較小。 四、高經驗逃避會觸發且擴大自責式反芻對憂鬱情緒的影響，反之若能有效降低個體經驗逃避的程度，則比起反省式反芻者將更能大幅緩解自責式反芻所擴大的憂鬱情緒效果。 五、倘若個體之經驗逃避亦高，則會導致反省式反芻擴大憂鬱情緒的嚴重性，但反之若能加以介入幫助其降低經驗逃避的程度，則可協助個體緩解憂鬱情緒的程度，進而阻斷其演變為憂鬱症狀的歷程。 最後本文亦針對上述研究結果，針對大學生個人、助人專業者及未來研究方向提出各項具體建議以供參考。Abstract The main purpose of this study is to understand the relationship and predictive power of college students' negative life events, brooding rumination, reflection rumination, experience avoidance on depression. And then explore whether brooding rumination or reflection rumination respectively moderate negative life events to depression. And whether experience avoidance could moderate brooding rumination or reflection rumination to depression. The participants included Taiwan students from the first year to the fourth year, with a total of 592 valid samples. The research method uses the snowball sampling to facilitate the sampling of online surveys. The research tools are " Chinese Response Scale Questionnaire-short form-revised ", " College Student Life Events Questionnaire-Negative Life Events Scale", " Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II " and " Tung's Depression Inventory for College Students. ". The main research results are as follows: 1. The relationship between brooding rumination and reflection rumination on depression, and found that both of them have positive correlation with depression. Both brooding rumination and reflection rumination can significantly predict depression. 2. Both brooding rumination and reflection rumination will expand the effect of negative life events on depression and the moderated effect was established. However, in terms of moderated effects, in the case of low negative life events, high brooding rumination has higher depression than high reflection rumination, and the low grouping of the two is not much different. 3. Even in the case of high brooding rumination or high reflection rumination, reducing the degree of individual experience avoidance will help alleviate the severity of depression. Regarding the moderated effect, the moderated effect of low experience avoidance can be distanced from the depression and relieve itsdepression performance in the case of high reflection rumination, but it is less effective in the case of high brooding rumination. 4. High experience avoidance will trigger and expand the impact of brooding rumination on depression. Conversely, if it can effectively reduce the degree of individual experience avoidance, it will be able to significantly alleviate the expanded depression effect of brooding ruminant than reflection rumination. 5. If the individual's experience of escape is also high, it will cause reflection rumination to increase the severity of depression, but if it can be involved to help them reduce the degree of experience avoidance, it can help the individual to alleviate the degree of depression, and then block It evolves into a course of depression. Finally, based on the above research results, specific suggestions are proposed for individual college students, helping professionals and future research directions for reference.