台灣原住民部落教堂視覺呈現之圖像分析
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2011
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
本論文旨探討原住民部落教堂運用原住民圖樣之現況。研究者根據基督宗教（含天主教、基督教長老教會、真耶穌教會）各教派總會書面與網路之記錄，親自走訪台灣西部山區原住民部落各教派，共128間教堂；以田野調查、觀察、以及訪談方式進行資料蒐集與分析。研究結果發現：
一、以圖樣呈現的地點分析後發現：教堂周圍有原住民圖樣的原住民教堂比例大約在7％至22％之間；教堂外觀具有原住民圖樣的教堂以長老教會居多，大約4成；而內部具有原住民圖樣的教堂天主教的部落教堂有75％，近年來積極推動原住民文化的長老教會只有17％的教堂內部使用原住民圖樣。各族運用圖騰略有不同，魯凱與排灣族使用的圖騰樣式較他族多。
二、圖樣的使用可歸納出5種型態：圖騰、繪畫、雕刻、傳統編織、與傳統建材。依照這5種呈現的表象可分為「非具象」與「具象」兩種類別。具象的圖樣中可再歸納為4項：1.幾何圖樣；2.單一物件；3.人物描繪；4.整體畫面。具象的圖樣不管是在繪畫或是雕刻都均以這4項其中一項呈現。而具象圖樣現況有以下趨勢：
1.幾何圖樣仍保留原始狀態。
2.非人物主題、人物主題、與整體畫面三類之部分樣本皆具有西化的風格。
三、多年來，原住民的傳統藝術在信仰基督教後已經改變。過去為服務頭目與貴族的藝術，現在也服務教會。以木雕簷絎來看，過往這類作品，只會擺在頭目家，而現在也擺放在教堂前，意義也已不同。最後，研究者歸納出2點結論：1.外觀運用原住民圖樣裝飾的部落教堂不到三成，教堂內部則有近七成擺設編織布料，教派與教義不同導致原住民部落教堂出現的圖樣不同。2.原住民圖樣近年逐漸增加，惟表現手法有西化趨勢，傳統圖像形式逐漸凋零。建議原住民與相關單位，在追求或給予外來文化傳遞或學習之際，仍應保存其傳統藝術之形式與內在意義。
The main purpose of the thesis is to study how Taiwan Aborigines’ patterns are used in the church in their tribes. Based on the written and online information from The Presbyterian church, Chinese regional bishops’ conference, True Jesus church, Seventh-day Adventist and Assemblies of God, the researcher has visited 128 churches in different sects, which are located in aborigines’ tribes in western Taiwan mountain areas. The research is done by fieldwork, observation, interview, and data collection and analysis. Here are the results: A. When analysis by where the patterns are displayed, around 7% to 22% of the aboriginal churches are surrounded by aboriginal patterns. Many of the Presbyterian churches, about 40 % of them, were built with the aboriginal patterns on the exterior design. On the other hand, 75% of Catholics churches have aboriginal patterns inside the church, while Presbyterian Church, who has promoted the aboriginal culture aggressively recently, has only 17% of the churches use the patterns as interior design. Each tribe uses the patterns differently. For example, Rukai and Puyuma use more patterns than other tribes. B. The patterns can be used in five different ways: totems, painting, sculpture, traditional weaving, and traditional building materials. These five presents can be divided into two categories: non-concrete and concrete. The concrete patters can be further sum up into four ways: 1. geometric pattern. 2. Single object. 3. People painting, and 4. General appearance. Concrete patterns, no matter in paintings or in sculptures, will be presented by one of the four ways, and concrete patterns have several trends recently as follows: 1. Geometric pattern remains in original states. 2. Part of non-character theme, character themes, and general appearance samples has westernized style. C. Many years after, Taiwan aborigine’s traditional art form has changed after taking Christian as their religion. To cherish the loyal and chieftain with art is no longer the case, it evolved into anart form mainly for the church. Wooden sculptures for example, in the past it will only be seen at a chieftain’s house but now you those artistic sculptures at churches in various tribes, the meaning of those wooden sculptures has been changed. Overall, researcher concludes two major points: 1. the tribal churches which decorates with aborigines graphics externally are not even 30%, there are about 70% of the churches have woven fabrics internally. The main reason to have differences in graphic is due to different factions of the religion. 2. Aboriginal graphics are increasing throughout the years; however the technique of expression is more westernized than traditional. An advice for the related government units, when pursuing a foreign culture of learning transmission or the occasion, should preserve their traditional art form and inner meaning.
The main purpose of the thesis is to study how Taiwan Aborigines’ patterns are used in the church in their tribes. Based on the written and online information from The Presbyterian church, Chinese regional bishops’ conference, True Jesus church, Seventh-day Adventist and Assemblies of God, the researcher has visited 128 churches in different sects, which are located in aborigines’ tribes in western Taiwan mountain areas. The research is done by fieldwork, observation, interview, and data collection and analysis. Here are the results: A. When analysis by where the patterns are displayed, around 7% to 22% of the aboriginal churches are surrounded by aboriginal patterns. Many of the Presbyterian churches, about 40 % of them, were built with the aboriginal patterns on the exterior design. On the other hand, 75% of Catholics churches have aboriginal patterns inside the church, while Presbyterian Church, who has promoted the aboriginal culture aggressively recently, has only 17% of the churches use the patterns as interior design. Each tribe uses the patterns differently. For example, Rukai and Puyuma use more patterns than other tribes. B. The patterns can be used in five different ways: totems, painting, sculpture, traditional weaving, and traditional building materials. These five presents can be divided into two categories: non-concrete and concrete. The concrete patters can be further sum up into four ways: 1. geometric pattern. 2. Single object. 3. People painting, and 4. General appearance. Concrete patterns, no matter in paintings or in sculptures, will be presented by one of the four ways, and concrete patterns have several trends recently as follows: 1. Geometric pattern remains in original states. 2. Part of non-character theme, character themes, and general appearance samples has westernized style. C. Many years after, Taiwan aborigine’s traditional art form has changed after taking Christian as their religion. To cherish the loyal and chieftain with art is no longer the case, it evolved into anart form mainly for the church. Wooden sculptures for example, in the past it will only be seen at a chieftain’s house but now you those artistic sculptures at churches in various tribes, the meaning of those wooden sculptures has been changed. Overall, researcher concludes two major points: 1. the tribal churches which decorates with aborigines graphics externally are not even 30%, there are about 70% of the churches have woven fabrics internally. The main reason to have differences in graphic is due to different factions of the religion. 2. Aboriginal graphics are increasing throughout the years; however the technique of expression is more westernized than traditional. An advice for the related government units, when pursuing a foreign culture of learning transmission or the occasion, should preserve their traditional art form and inner meaning.
Description
Keywords
原住民, 部落, 基督教教堂, 圖樣, 藝術, Aborigines, tribe, Christianity, church, aboriginal patterns