安置機構離院青年之社會資本初探

Abstract

過去的研究都指出安置機構離院青年的社會資本不足，安置機構照顧服務應持續建立安置機構離院青年的社會資本，但安置機構離院青年社會資本的樣貌都少有相關研究。故本研究作為初探式研究，目的是了解離院青年社會資本的樣貌、來源以及運用經驗，並訪談七名具有安置機構離院身份的青年，了解其離院至今的生活經歷、重要的關係的類型及維繫方式，及遭遇自立生活議題時使用社會資本的經驗。研究中發現，安置機構離院青年面對自立議題，如經濟、居住、就學、就業、情緒等，大都能仰賴其身邊場域的重要關係的援助，如原生家庭、安置機構、自立轉銜機構、學校、虛擬社群等協助，不少人在遭遇挑戰前即因身份而取得社會資源。而維繫的方式取決於關係緊密程度、文化性與個人特質。有部分受訪者仰賴網路與重要關係維持聯繫，亦有主/被動的取得網路上的社會資源。依研究結果本研究建議：在政策方面，國家應積極追蹤青年離院後的概況，滾動式修正安置機構離院青年的自立政策，讓離院自立服務能夠貼近服務使用者的需求；在學校方面，建議提供校園支持計畫，以提升離院青年的學校社會資本；而安置機構相關工作人員方面，應積極使青年參與離院的轉銜會議及完善自立轉銜的照顧服務，期望能容納進安置機構離院青年的意見，以有計畫的形式維持與使用社會資本，幫助個人在自立生活中取得向上的機會與成功。

Past studies have pointed out that the social capital of youth who discharged from residential care institutions is insufficient. Care services in residential care institutions should continue to build the social capital of the youth discharged from residential care institutions. However, there are few relevant studies on the social capital of youth discharged from residential care institutions. Therefore, this study aims to preliminarily explore the social capital’s context, sources and application experience of youth who have discharged from residential institutions. A total of seven interviewees in the status of discharged from residential institutions were examined on their life experiences and significant relationship types, maintenance methods, and the experience of utilizing social capital when facing independent living issues.The study indicates that when facing independent issues, the youth who discharged from institutions often rely on the assistance of significant relationships around them, such as finances, housing, schools, employment, emotions in their original family, resettlement institutions, and self-reliance transition institutions. With the assistance of schools, social media communities, many people have obtained social resources based on their status before encountering challenges. The way to maintain the relationship depends on the closeness of the relationship, culture and personal characteristics. Some interviewees rely on the Internet to maintain contact with significant relationships, and some actively or passively obtain social resources on the Internet. The recommendations are as follows: In terms of policy, the nation should actively track the post discharge circumstances of youth discharging from institutions, and keep on improving the self-reliance policy in order to meet the needs of service users; in terms of schools , it is recommended to provide campus support programs to enhance the school social capital of youth discharging from institutions. As for the staff working in the resettlement agencies should actively help young people participate in transition conferences and improve independent transition care services, hoping to accommodate the opinions of youth discharged from institutions, in a way to maintain and use social capital to further help individuals achieving upward opportunities and success in independent life.