從記憶文化和博物館詮釋分析''東德博物館''

Abstract

自1980年代開始，一股改革風暴吹襲東歐，為整個歐洲帶來翻天覆地的轉變。和平革命成為當代德國的轉折點，隨著柏林圍牆的倒塌，意味著分裂四十年的東西德能夠重新合併。統一後德國身負記住歷史的重任，即使消失在地圖上，大眾對於東德記憶仍然印象深刻。隨著一股新興的記憶論述浪潮，社會上掀起激烈辯論，顯示出面對東德歷史所遭遇的難題與挑戰。隨著時間發展，當過去變成回憶，博物館作為記憶文化的一種載體，在記載與傳承歷史上扮演著重要角色，現在更兼具教育功能。本文以東德博物館為例，透過文獻分析、輔以訪談內容和官方網站的資料，討論東德博物館在德國記憶文化下的自我定位。通過觀眾與物件之間的互動，分析博物館推行的展覽方式和意義如何轉變為與主流截然不同的詮釋，呈現出博物館對東德歷史的解讀以及重新檢視德國社會在面對歷史的延續與回應。Since the 1980s, a storm of reformation rolled across Eastern Europe, bringing fundamental transformations across Europe. The peaceful revolution became a turning point in Contemporary Germany, with the fall of the Berlin Wall meaning that forty years of division between East and West Germany finally reunited. After reunification, Germany carried the responsibility of remembering its history, the memories of the GDR remained deeply embedded in the public even after it disappeared off the map. With an emerging wave of memory discourse, intensive debates are taking place in society, revealing the difficulties and challenges in facing its past.As time passes and the past becomes memory, museums have become a cultural repository of memory, play an important role in representing and preserving history, combining with an educational function. Taking the DDR Museum as a case study, this thesis aims to discuss its own perspective in the context of German memory culture through literature analysis, supplemented by interviews and information from official websites. Through the interaction between visitors and objects, it analyses how the exhibition practice and meaning implemented by the museum has developed a distinct interpretation from the mainstream. By examining the transformation of German society towards remembering the past, museum perspective and presentation of East German history is further discussed.