被發明的傳統：忠貞新村文化園區魅力金三角的建構過程

Abstract

忠貞新村文化園區位於桃園市平鎮區，園區所在地為忠貞新村舊址，眷村於1954年興建並於2005年拆遷完成，因眷村主要居民來自雲南，園區內可見孤軍在異域的戰爭故事、雲南少數民族文化與異國料理等，是當今桃園市政府推廣多元文化共融的代表景點之一，然而園區內幾乎不見原始眷村樣貌與紀錄，經營園區的企業掌握了主要敘事權利，將大部分居民排除在外，園區不僅缺少了眷村的地方感，更加深了台灣大眾認為雲南人都是少數民族的刻板印象。本研究以半結構式深度訪談法訪談曾經居住、成長於忠貞新村的居民，以居民的共同記憶整理出忠貞新村原有的地方感，並與園區內所展演之忠貞新村文化符碼比較，後者選擇性地推廣對行銷有利的文化活動，從雲南省的地理範圍中挑選符合商業利益展演的少數民族慶典，建構特色文化並置入眷村名下，以片面的文化代替眷村文化以達到傳承目的，亦即被發明的傳統。受訪者普遍認同當今園區內已不存在忠貞新村的樣貌，且園區文化推廣以商業利益為主要目的，展演更為根深企業集團董事長的個人故事為聚焦，而非建構於眷村的集體記憶基礎上，其名為「忠貞新村文化園區」，對於眷村文化的保存行動僅有片面的呈現。

本研究針對園區未來可改善之處提出建議：園區應收集居民家中文物、照片與故事、建設可供居民參與推廣事務的平台以及加強解說志工訓練，以實踐眷村文化與多元文化保存之目的。本研究主要做為忠貞新村集體記憶之樣貌重現與紀錄，將來相關研究可探討以政府政策或其他成功案例比較為方向之研究。Zhongzhen New Village Cultural Park is located in Pingzhen District, Taoyuan City, the same area where Zhongzhen Village was built in 1954 and demolished in 2005. The park exhibits the stories about the forgotten troops of Kuomintang in The Golden Triangle area, minority tribal cultures from Yunnan and Southeast Asian cuisines, which were only a few facets of what Zhongzhen village once was. The Longgang area is one of the multicultural tourist spots that represents the burgeoning inclusivity movement in Taiwan. However, the military village culture was not included in the park’s narratives. The villagers were excluded from participating in a place they had helped establish. This has not only led to a lack of ‘sense of place’ inside the park, but also created a stereotype that all Yunnan people are from ethnic minority groups to the general public.In-depth interviews were utilized to record a more authentic sense of place in Zhong-Zhen village, which has also helped us to distinguish the invented traditions in the park’s narratives versus overlooked traditions. We know from the interviews that none of the Zhongzhen village cultural landscapes can be seen in the park. The interviewees also see the purpose of this park as business propaganda instead of a cultural preservation site. This site was named after Zhongzhen Village but has onlytold the story from one person’s experience, the founder of Genshen Enterprise.This thesis suggests that the park management should include as many stories from the villagers as possible to fulfill the purposes of military village culture preservation and culture inclusivity by 1. collecting more personal items, pictures or stories, 2. establishing platforms to include villagers’ engagements, and 3. developing training programs for tour guides and staff volunteers to educate them on the missing history.