尼采《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》及其教師圖像蘊義

Abstract

本研究旨在經由《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》一書的理論探討勾勒出查拉圖斯特拉的教師圖像，其主要的研究目的有三：（一）探尋《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》一書的理論起源；（二）研討《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》中的價值重估、強力意志以及永恆回歸的概念；（三）闡發查拉圖斯特拉的教師圖像，並期望其圖像能激勵啟發台灣教師。而其研究結果有五：（一）《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》一書中所反映出來的尼采人格、價值觀與思想體系，是受到赫拉克利特的世界觀、叔本華的意志論以及華格納的思想與作品的影響；（二）查拉圖斯特拉提倡價值重估，啟發人類做出道德規範的反省，以創造自我價值與認清時代處境；（三）查拉圖斯特拉將強力意志作為人類行動與價值判斷之規準，強化個體意志並指引他們朝向超人邁進（四）查拉圖斯特拉身為永恆回歸的第一位教師，揭露生命的悲劇性與回歸性，教導人類把握此刻以造就生命之非凡；（五）查拉圖斯特拉所展現出來的教師圖像，不只是鼓勵了教師自我教育與增權賦能，還為教師提供了批判的視角，藉以反省自我價值和深思當代教育。最後，查拉圖斯特拉期許教師在回歸裡自強不已，珍惜每次與學生的邂逅，成為真正能解放學生的教師。

This study attempts to tracing out the images of the teacher through the research of Nietzsche’s “Thus Spake Zarathustra”. And the main purposes of the study include: (a) to trace the theoretical origins of Nietzsche’s “Thus Spake Zarathustra”. (b) to discuss and analyze the ideas of Revaluation, the Will to Power and Eternal Recurrence.(C) to interpret the teacher’s image of Zarathustra and expect the images would inspire and arouse the teachers in Taiwan. And the results include: (a) Nietzsche’s personality, values and theories reflected in Thus Spake Zarathustra were influenced by the characteristics and thoughts of Heraclitus, Schopenhauer and Wagner. (b) Zarathustra promote revaluation that inspire humanity to reflect upon the moral discipline to create their own values and recognize the situation of the time.(c) Zarathustra take the Will to Power as the measure of value that strengthen the Will of the Individuals and guide them to being the Superhuman. (d) Zarathustra as the first teacher of Eternal Recurrence affirms the tragic and the recurrence of life that teach human-beings to seize this moment and make life extraordinary. (e) the teacher’s images of Zarathustra not only encourage teachers to educate and empower themselves, but also provide the critical perspective to introspect their values and deliberate upon modern education. Finally, Zarathustra expect the teachers to keep improving in the recurrent time, treasure everytime you encounter your students, and look forward to being the teachers really liberate their students.