基隆市高中職學生課後運動參與動機及阻礙因素之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解基隆市高中職學生課後運動參與動機及阻礙因素之相關情形，以基隆市高中職學生16,558為研究對象，透過自編之「高中職學生課後運動參與動機及阻礙因素調查問卷」為工具實施調查。有效問卷以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、Scheffé法事後比較、皮爾遜積差相關等統計方法進行資料處理。研究結果歸納如下：

一、基隆市高中職學生課後運動參與現況，以每週課後從事運動達二次的人數為最多330人（29%）。

二、學生課後運動參與動機強調「健康體適能」動機最高，而以「人際需求」為最低。而在課後運動參與阻礙方面以「結構性阻礙」為主要阻礙來源，而最不受「人際間阻礙」之影響。

三、不同背景變項差異考驗，除「就讀年級」在阻礙因素未達顯著水準外，其餘變項均在參與動機及阻礙因素方面達顯著差異。

四、除在課後運動參與動機「逃避」及參與阻礙「結構性阻礙」呈正相關之外，其餘在課後運動參與動機及參與阻礙各因素間大多呈負相關。

本研究發現有參加運動性社團及課後運動參與行為較高之學生，有較強的參與動機，其阻礙因素亦相對減弱，因此，建議學校開放運動場館以降低阻礙之發生，並增加運動性社團，以提高學生之運動參與動機，進而提昇其終身運動之習慣。

This study aims to understand the motivations and barriers of high school students' participation in after-school sports in Keelung City, by studying the survey results of a questionnaire constructed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by Descriptive Statistics, Independent Sample T Test, ANOVA Analysis, Scheffé’s Post Hoc Comparison, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and other statistical methods. The results are summarized as follows:

1. The current survey shows that 330 respondents (29%) engage in sports up to twice a week after school.

2. The strongest motivation for after-school sports is "physical fitness," while "interpersonal needs" among the weakest. The barrier that hampers after-school sports comes mainly from "structural impediments," while "interpersonal obstruction" has the least effect.

3. To test for differences among the background variables and participation motivations and barriers, only “grade” is insignificant to sports barriers. Other variables (“gender,” “school type,” “grade,” “after-school tutorial,” “sports club participation,” “after-school sports participation behavior”) all reach significant difference to sports motivations and barriers.

4. Among all the factors, only the motivation "to escape" and the barrier of "structural impediments" are positively correlated. The rest of the variables are all in negative correlation.

The research finds that the more a student is motivated to participate in after-school sports and clubs, the less the obstruction factors are in effect. Therefore, it is highly recommended for the high schools to open their stadiums to all students after school and to offer more sports clubs to the students. As a result, sports barriers will be reduced, sports motivations enhanced, and sports will become a life-long habit for each student.