高中生STEM職涯興趣量表之發展與效化

Abstract

隨著STEM領域人才的需求增加，發掘學生對STEM的興趣並培養其投入相關領域已成為國際趨勢。然而，目前尚缺乏用於評估STEM職涯興趣的工具，因此本研究旨在發展一份「高中生STEM職涯興趣量表」，據此了解高中學生對科學、科技、工程、數學領域之職涯興趣。在量表發展過程中，本研究參考先前相關研究以社會認知生涯理論（Social Cognitive Theory, SCT）為基礎，試題內容包含「自我效能評估」、「學習興趣與動機」和「職業興趣」等面向。研究對象為臺灣地區普通高中一至三年級的學生，採用立意取樣分區抽取研究樣本，有效樣本數共329人。考量受試者的學習經驗，本研究所發展之「高中生STEM職涯興趣量表」將科學、科技、工程及數學領域依學科進行分類供學生選填，並在職業興趣的部分添加相關職業工作內容介紹。研究結果顯示：(1)高中生對於科技、工程、數學相關專業工作內容了解程度低；(2)高中男生在科學學習興趣、科技學習興趣、科技職涯興趣、工程學習興趣、工程職涯興趣、數學學習興趣、及數學職涯興趣表現出的興趣程度皆高於女生；(3)自然組的學生在科學學習興趣、科學職涯興趣、工程學習興趣、數學學習興趣、及數學職涯興趣表現上皆高於尚未分組及選擇社會組的學生，且在工程職涯興趣上高於社會組學生。

Internationally, the need for STEM talent is increasing, and so does developing of STEM interdisciplinary education that would cultivate STEM talents. However, there is no valid and reliable scale specifically measuring for high school students’ interest in STEM-related careers. The purposes of this research were to develop a STEM career interest scale for high school students, and further to analyze students’ STEM career interest. By referencing previous studies, this scale was developed based on social cognitive theory (SCT). The content of the STEM career interest scale includes self-efficacy assessment, learning interest and motivation and career interest. A questionnaire survey was conducted and sent to the tenth to twelfth graders of public high school in Taiwan, selected by intentional sampling. The research samples were selected by convenient sampling, and 329 valid questionnaires were obtained for further analysis. Consider the learning experience of high school students, the career related to science, technology, engineering and mathematics in this search were classified by subject with job description on each category. The following conclusions were made: (1) High school students have low understanding of the work content of science, engineering, mathematics and related majors. (2) Male students’ interest is higher than female students’ on science learning, technology learning, technology career, engineering learning, engineering career, mathematics learning, and mathematics career in high school. (3) The students in the science track were more likely to be interested in science learning, scientific career, engineering learning, engineering career, mathematics learning, and mathematics career than the students in social sciences track and those who haven’t selected a group except engineering career.