中國政策對台韓經貿關係的影響

Abstract

經濟成長以出口爲主的台灣與韓國，因過於依賴出口導致台灣與韓國出口率之增減變動對經濟影響甚大，爲了穩定海外出口市場，台灣及韓國致力提高出口競爭力。 近來，中國隨著改革開放後，已從「世界工廠」逐漸轉變為「世界市場」，加之2008年國際金融海嘯以來，過去以歐美為主的市場萎縮，使得中國市場變得更形重要，各國資本紛紛積極布局中國市場，各國政府接二連三地與中國政府洽商自由貿易（Free Trade Agreement）或雙邊貿易協定（Bilateral Trade Agreement）等協定，企圖先行搶佔中國市場。 台灣自馬英九主政之後，兩岸在承認「九二共識」的前提下，以「兩岸兩會高層會）談」形式談判，並於2010年6月簽署了「海峽兩岸經濟合作框架協定」（ECFA），排除與中國的貿易障礙，擴展中國市場，助產業發展，讓台灣經濟可順利成長及穩定發展。同時，韓國於2005年李明博政府時期提出且展開與中國洽簽「中韓自由貿易協定」（中韓FTA）之可行性，並於2007年更改了1992年與中國簽訂「中韓修正後雙邊貿易協定」，也持續與中國政府洽簽「中韓自由貿易協定」，亦已於2013年9月完成第一階段之簽定。至2015年12月20日「中韓自由貿易協定」生效。 台韓兩國，對中國市場的競爭愈來愈激烈，而且中國政府調整經濟成長模式，進一步發展內需市場，加上現在產業技術持續發展趨勢， 中國的自有生産能力已威脅台韓產業，種種負面的影響需要更多戰略思維來面對。 本文在「區域主義」之基礎，論述台韓「競爭關係」轉型成「合作關係」。近來東亞地區相互貿易積極發展，未來制度面的整合將使各國更進一步發展。台韓與中國的經貿關係，雖然出口產業重複，但在產品的差異化上均有良好表現，亦帶來合作發展之可能及空間。因此，未來台韓兩國通過互助與合作，共同參與區域經濟整合，增加利益創造雙贏。The economic growth of Taiwan and Korea come mainly from export, as being too much depending on export, the rates of fluctuation to Taiwanese and Korean economy have a great influence in their economy. To stabilize overseas export market, Taiwan and Korean should strengthen compet-itiveness in exports. Recently, after China’s reform and opening–up policy, China has al-ready transformed gradually from “world factory” to “world market”. Be-sides, since 2008 global economic crisis, previous European and Ameri-can-oriented market has been weakened and rapid growth in Chinese market has become more important. The capital of each countries are positioned aggressively to the Chinese market, each country governments constantly discuss FTA (Free Trade Agreement) or BTA (Bilateral Trade Agreement) with China attempting to firstly to take China market. Since the 92 Consensus (short for 1991 Consensus-One China Princi-ple), during the presidency of Ma Ying-jeou, president of Taiwan, two countries, Taiwan and China signed a traded agreement known as the Eco-nomic Co-operation Framework Agreement (ECFA) as a “Cross Strait” agreement in June 2010. Through this agreement, it appeared to be a foun-dation of economic growth by solving the trade barrier between the two countries and developing the industry. Lee Myung-pak’s government in 2005 suggested and negotiated China- South Korea FTA with China, and the ‘1992 of China-Korea bilateral Trade Agreement’ was amended in 2007. Also continuously discussed the ‘China-South Korea FTA’. And completed signing the first stage of China-South Korea FTA in September, 2013. The China-South Korea FTA came into effect as of December, 20th, 20150 Two countries, Taiwan and Korea are getting more competitive in the Chinese market. In addition, the Chinese government controls economic policy for economic growth. Furthermore, the domestic market and the trend of current industry technics in China are continuously developing. China’s own productivity has already threatened Taiwanese and Korean industries, various negative influences, and more strategic thinking to face is needed. Based on the Regionalism in this thesis, stating the relation of Taiwan and Korea from the competitiveness relation is changed to the cooperation relation. These days, East Asian region brought positive bilateral develop-ment, and the consolidation of system will have one step further develop-ment in the future. Even though the trade relations among Taiwan, Korea and China in the export industry are repeated, but the product differentiations are pretty equally shown, it may bring some possibility of cooperation. Therefore, in the future, Taiwan and Korea, they should pass mutual assis-tance and cooperation, have bilateral region economic cooperation, and will increase benefit and generate mutual win-win in the future.