國小高年級學生家庭複合性對創造力之影響-以心流經驗為中介變項

Abstract

創造力是現代社會不可或缺的關鍵能力，各國紛紛透過教育計畫與教育改革提升學生的創造力，可見創造力的培養是全世界共同的目標，而如何營造適合創造力發展的環境成為一個重要議題。過去研究針對家庭環境與創造力之間的關係有兩種不同的論點，一種認為支持、溫暖、安全並積極給予鼓勵的家庭環境有助於孩子的創造力發展；而另一種則認為生活中的困境能夠刺激孩子的創造力且培養克服困難、解決問題的能力。據此，本研究旨在探討家庭複合性與創造力間的關係，並以心流經驗為中介變項進一步探討其具體機制。本研究採問卷調查法，抽取臺灣北、中、南地區12所國小519位五、六年級學生作為參與者。研究工具採用新編創造思考測驗－語文創造思考測驗、心流經驗狀態量表、家庭複合性量表和心流經驗傾向量表。研究結果發現，心流經驗傾向對複合型家庭與創造力表現之影響具有顯著中介效果；心流經驗狀態對複合型家庭與創造力表現之影響具有顯著中介效果。進一步使用序列中介分析進行探討，發現心流經驗在複合型家庭影響創造力表現的中介路徑為:複合型家庭先經心流經驗傾向再經心流經驗狀態至創造力，意指複合型家庭有助於培養孩子的心流經驗傾向，使其更容易進入心流經驗狀態，進而有更好的創造力表現。最後依據研究結果進行討論並對未來研究提出建議。

Creativity is an indispensable key capability for modern society. Countries all over the world have been trying to increased students’ creativity through educational programs and educational reforms. It is obvious that the cultivation of creativity is the common goal of the world. Thus, how to create an environment that is suitable for the development of creativity has become an important issue. In past researches, there are two different arguments for the relationship between family environment and creativity. One of the argument is that it will help children’s creativity to develop if the family environment is supportive, warm, safe, and actively encouraging; The other argument is that the dilemmas in life can stimulate children's creativity and help them to develop the ability to overcome difficulties and solve problems. Based on this, this study aims to explore the relationship between family complexity and creativity. And further, explore its specific mechanism by using the experience of flow as an intervening variable. The method of this study is a questionnaire survey, extracting 519 fifth and sixth-grade students from 12 elementary schools from North, middle and South Taiwan, and using new creative thinking test (language creation thinking test), Short Flow Scale, Complex Family Questionnaire, and Short Dispositional Flow Scale. The study shows that the dispositional flow has a significant mediating influence on the effects of family complexity on creativity performance; The flow state has a significant mediating influence on the effects of family complexity on creativity performance. Further using sequence mediation analysis, we found that the mediation path of Flow in how family complexity affecting creativity performance is: family complexity to dispositional flow to flow state to creativity. It means that family complexity helps to develop children’s dispositional flow, make it easier for them to enter the flow state, and thus, to have better creativity performance. Finally, based on the research results, we will discuss and make recommendations for future research.