都市原住民移入國宅的遷移經驗－以阿美族三鶯部落為例

Abstract

本研究與六位從三鶯部落搬遷至隆恩埔國宅的居民進行深度訪談，透過他們自述的生命經驗來了解這些都市阿美族在三鶯橋下三鶯部落的生活圖像和經歷政府強制驅離家園的心路歷程，以及搬到國宅後適應生活與遭遇的困難，以探討搬遷至國宅後，他們的生活與傳統文化所產生的變化。 本研究發現，受訪者居住在三鶯橋下時，雖然房屋是由木板拼湊而成且無水無電，但眾人從大自然中取食，彼此互助共享，成立了三鶯部落，由頭目掌理部落大小事，過著不豐裕但安穩的生活。隨著政府欲開發大漢溪畔，他們一次次眼睜睜看著自己親手建的家園屢屢被怪手拆毀後，又一片片拼湊木板重建家園。在經歷數次的拆屋行動後，他們的心早已滿身瘡痍，口袋裡也沒有多餘的建材費再和政府耗下去，大多數人為了給下一代安定的生活，在頭目的帶領下搬遷至隆恩埔國宅居住。 原以為搬到新穎現代化的國宅居住會是美好生活的起點，然而卻是一場噩夢的開端：國宅大樓的空間格局，不符合原住民文化習性，使他們感到束縛；在政策上，將原住民視為個體遷入國宅，未保留部落的集體性，導致部落與傳統文化在國宅中瓦解，在開放中低收原住民家庭入住的情況下，形成多元族群，且欲透過國宅管理員取代部落管理，卻成效不彰，而社區自治組織卻又因向心力不足而創立失敗或呈現停滯狀態；租金合約問題的爆發，許多住戶積欠原民局租金與違約金，在工作仍不穩定的情況下，要繳交的帳單變多，普遍感受經濟壓力變大。研究者最後針對受訪者遷移國宅的經驗，從政策、管理、服務三種層面提出相關建議。 The purpose of this study is to investigate experiences for the people who used to live in Amis San-Ying Tribe and then move into Long'enbu public housing. Researcher used in-depth interviews to find out their living in San-Ying Tribe, the experience of being forced to move into Long'enbu public housing, and difficulty in adapting to live in Long'enbu public housing. Therefore, researcher wants to discuss the changes of the Amis living and traditional culture after they move to public housing. The research findings are as followings: 1. In San-Ying Tribe, the Amis houses was built of wood planks, and there was no water or electricity. They grew vegetables or bred poultry as food, they helped each other and shared resources, and they had created San-Ying Tribe. They lived a life of poor but stable. 2. With the development of Da-Han Creek, government rebuilt their houses when the government destroyed the houses again and again. Both their body and soul was extremely exhausted. Most of people in order to provide their children with stable life, the moved into Long'enbu public housing. 3. After the Amis moved into public housing, they encountered difficulties in some adaption issues: (1) The Amis felt uneasy about the housing pattern of public housing which did not conform to Amis culture. (2) In the government’s policy, they did not respect for keeping the collective of San-Ying tribe. Therefore, the tribe and Amis traditional culture vanished in the public housing. (3) There were more aboriginal families of other tribes moved into Long'enbu public housing, the population of public housing became Multi-ethnic. The government tried to manage public housing through building managers and security guards, but it were ineffective. (4) Because the people who lived in the public housing lacking coherence, the community self-government groups were not set up or cease moving. (5) Owing to the issue of rental contract, many building residents owed the government a huge sum of money. The residents had to pay more and more bills after they moved into public housing, but their work situation were unstable. Therefore, they generally felt their financial pressure was getting heavy.