歌謠、歌仔冊、歌仔戲：＜安童哥買菜＞研究

Abstract

本論文從早期歌謠、歌仔冊及歌仔戲唱片中蒐集、整理、比較與分析。〈安童哥買菜〉有歌仔先演唱、灌錄唱片並出版歌仔冊，是當時銷售冠軍。印刷、唱片等工業的普及，大量歌仔戲唱片及台灣民謠的出版，使它成為家喻戶曉的一首歌謠，且吸引部分民間人士改編與創新。在歌仔戲內台時期，它豐富了戲劇情節並有效紓緩觀眾的情緒。它使用簡單的語言，貼近庶民生活﹐很容易引起共鳴，在不同時期受到各階層閱聽大眾的喜愛。就民間文學角度，它展現不同演唱藝人的特色與專長，各自以食材、宴客菜色、戲劇或是劇目以及賭博等不同面向來呈現。 唱片等娛樂媒體的產製，將早期街頭藝人的聲音保留下來，提供後人對於早期民間藝術探究的資源，它的文本具有文學、語言學、民族音樂學、及戲劇文本史料等價值，站在文化保存的立場，它是珍貴的民間文學，可惜後期定型化單一唱詞的版本卻限縮了民間文學的多元化特色。 〈安童哥買菜〉藉由不同傳播媒體不斷傳唱，簡單的生活用語，是鄉土語言與藝文統整教學頗適合的教材，學生很快能習得實用的日常用語並能認識傳統戲曲之美的。From collecting, sorting, comparing to analyzing, this paper is working on the research of ballads, Taiwanese opera libretto（Kua-á-tsheh） and records in early days. ‘Go to Market, My Boy An-Ton’（An-Tông-Ko bé- tshài） was one of popular songs hitting the top chart, which was performed by singers, made records and then published as libretto booklet. Due to flourishing printing and records industry, a lot of Taiwanese opera records and ballads were published; it has become well-known and been adapted/innovated by folks continually. In the period of indoor opera, this play not only enriched the plot but also eased the audience’s emotion. Using simple language and depicting folk’s daily lives, this play aroused echoes in people’s heart and favoured by various groups in all periods. From the angle of folk literature, this play shows roles’ characters and actor/actress’ skills from aspects of food material, party dishes, drama, and gambling etc. The entertaining media like records preserve buskers’ voices in early days, providing folk arts resources for later generations. ‘Go to Market, My Boy An-Ton’ possesses the value of literature, linguistics, ethnomusicology, historical material of text. It’s a precious folk literature work in terms of cultural preservation. However, fixed mono-libretto version in later period limited the development of diversity of folk literature. By utilizing different media been sung and simple words in daily lives, ‘Go to Market, My Boy An-Ton’ is suitable for vernacular, art, and literature teaching material. By this play, students are able to learn practical words in daily lives as well as approach the beauty of traditional drama.