「滯家青年」：家庭危機的守護天使？--以脈絡化觀點詮釋青年社會退縮者的滯家現象

Abstract

本研究的目的在於以脈絡化的觀點，瞭解促成及維繫青年滯家現象的相關環節因素，並探究青年滯家行為於華人家庭中形成慢性化機制的緣由。本研究以二個滯家青年家庭中願意接受訪談的家庭成員及第一個家庭的諮詢師為受訪對象（共計八位受訪者，其中一名是專業人員），使用半結構式的訪談大綱進行質化深度訪談，輔以研究者的參與觀察紀錄，以多元的方法蒐集滯家青年現象的有關資料，作為分析資料的來源。研究者以詮釋學的研究取向，對所蒐集到的研究資料進行理解與詮釋。 研究結果的發現如下： 1. 青年滯家現象的促成因子，與青年個人沒有發展出獨立的自我認同、家庭慣性保護、成長歷程中經驗依附中斷、青年投入外界生活時所遭遇的負向經驗、以及社會資源處遇不當等因素有關。 2. 隨著滯家期間的延長，親子間形成「代間情鎖」的互動模式，成為維繫青年滯家行為的主要影響因素。青年滯家之所以能成為一個長期化的機制，是因為青年困在僵化的代間情鎖之中。 3. 「代間情鎖」是由親強子弱的失衡互動，產生跨越親子心理界線的情感動力循環，是一種僵化且讓親子雙方同感束縛的互動模式，其形成與家庭成員為了因應家庭危機，穩定家庭結構有關。 4. 代間情鎖受到是華人文化深層結構中家族大我優於個人小我、以仁居心的縱向關係、以及盡心的角色義務運作法則所支配，因此是十分強韌，不易撼動。對於華人家庭而言，滯家青年現象的理解，必須考慮家庭成員出於為家庭盡心及守護彼此的善意反應。 研究者並根據研究發現，對於滯家青年的諮商及心理治療的實務工作及未來研究方向，提出討論與建議。The purposes of this research are to explore the contributing and maintaining factors of the deferred home youth phenomenon in Chinese families and interpreting this phenomenon through developmental, family, and cultural contexts. This research also tries to estimate the needs of the deferred home youth and their families, and pinpoint the interventions feasible for counselors to follow. Based on hermeneutics research approach, this research adopted in-depth interview and observation method to collect relevant data. Research participants include members of two families with deferred home youths and one professional consultant. Thirteen interviews were conducted successively with eight participants and four field notes were taken by the researcher. The results of the research are listed as follows: 1. The contributing factors of deferred home youth phenomenon include the lack of self identification, family inertia protection, negative failing experiences in outside world, and inappropriate interventions of social resources. 2. The maintaining factor of deferred home youth phenomenon is the cross-generational good intention complex between youths and their parents. 3. The cross-generational good intention complex is consisted of the fixed and unbalanced interaction pattern between parent and offspring. The formation of the complex is related to members’ adjustment in coping family crises. 4. The structure of the cross-generational good intention complex is strengthened by the deep structures of Chinese culture and is hard to shatter. It is very important to comprehend the good intention of both generations although the psychological complex does make problems.