〈夜巡〉圖像修辭學─理論與實踐

Abstract

本論文探索重新詮釋林布蘭代表作《夜巡》內在意義與創作觀念的可能性，這是基於十七世紀荷蘭藝術界中人文主義之思潮與此鉅作至今其意義仍有討論空間的緣故。 林布蘭受人尊敬的原因不只是因為特殊的以「明暗對照法」”chiaroscuro”等來表現戲劇性的高水平的繪畫修辭技術，還有深刻的人性洞察與對古代文本的生動詮釋所表現在繪畫上的成就，因此在以下兩個前提下：1.古代文學理論可能影響荷蘭的繪畫創作，2.《夜巡》可能隱藏與荷蘭當代情勢有關的文本，本文嘗試以詮釋學、圖像學與符號學的觀念，配合《詩學》所可能被應用到《夜巡》的幾個修辭概念，以舊約的文本來對應《夜巡》的「情節」安排。 本文的基本假設─舊約茱蒂斯的文本隱藏於《夜巡》之中若能成立，則能夠用來解釋：1.林布蘭創造差異(make difference from others)的根本之道，原來有部份是建立在對歷史或文本的細緻閱讀與理解之上，2.由於林布蘭是一個真實的人文主義者，他善於使用謎語的表現技巧原來是對觀者解讀藝術之主動性辯證能力(dialectical potentiality)的尊重。 最後，本論文所探索的關於《夜巡〉諸多的創作理論與油畫技藝等議題，也以一章來呈現筆者應用與實踐上述於自己創作上的結果，而名之為「寓言式古典」。

This article explores the possibility of reinterpreting the meaning and creative concepts of Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn’s(1606-69) the Night Watch .The exploration is based on the trend of humanism among Dutch artists in the seventeenth century, as the Night Watch is still a myth in art history. The reasons why Rembrandt is highly respected are not only because he is famous with the skill of using “chiaroscuro” to express dramatic elements, but also his in-depth insight into the human nature as well as colorful retelling of the ancient texts. This article assumes that the Night Watch may contain the text which pertains to the situation of the Netherlands at that time. Under the premise, this article tries to explore it by adopting hermeneutic concepts, iconological and semiotic approach， as well as the rhetoric concepts of Poetics which can be applied to painting. Supposing the assumption that Judith story from the Old Testament is integrated into the Night Watch is true, it can be used to explain the following facts. First, Rembrandt’s way to stay different from others is due to his detail-oriented reading habits and understanding. Second, Rembrandt was a true humanist so that the reason of his being expert in making metaphors is that he regarded his audience’s dialectical potentiality with reverence. Finally, adopting many of the creation theory , painting techniques and other issues from the above study, in the contents of the final chapter the author presents the application and practice in his own creative results named “Allegorical-Classicism”.