泰國的中華文化之流傳與變奏——以節慶及飲食為例

Abstract

本研究以《泰國的中華文化之流傳與變奏——以節慶及飲食為例》 為題，探討中華文化自 18 世紀隨潮州、福建、廣東、客家等地華人移民 傳入泰國後，如何與當地社會文化融合、轉化並在地化，進而形塑出具 有泰國特色的文化樣貌。華人將語言、信仰、節慶與飲食融入泰國日常 生活，深刻影響其文化結構與族群互動。本研究聚焦中華節慶的流傳與變奏，選取春節、清明節、端午節、 中秋節及九皇齋節五項作為分析案例。調查結果顯示，春節已由華人社 群擴展為全國性慶典，吸引各族群參與;端午節與中秋節主要於家庭與 社區層面體現，常融合本地食材與習俗;清明節強調祖先祭祀與家族認 同，並出現綠色清明的新風潮;九皇齋節則由道教齋戒儀式演變為全民 參與的素食節，並融合佛教理念，成為中華文化在地化的重要象徵。在飲食文化方面，中華飲食如海南雞飯、麵條、油條、包子、粥品 與點心已深度融入泰國日常飲食，部分菜餚更被視為本地料理。中華飲 食透過市場機制與媒體傳播，廣泛進入便利商店、展現飲食文化的動態 擴散與融合。飲食不僅成為中華文化的重要載體，也促進泰國民眾的文 化認同與跨文化理解。本研究採用文獻分析、問卷調查與訪談等方法，針對泰國人、泰國 華人與新移民三類群體進行比較，從文化認知、參與行為與日常實踐層 面分析中華文化的融合過程。研究指出，節慶與飲食作為文化實踐的重 要面向，已成為泰國多元文化結構中的關鍵組成，並呈現「適應-融合 -在地化」的文化發展脈絡，亦為全球化背景下文化交流與族群共融提 供寶貴案例。This study explores how Chinese culture—introduced to Thailand by immigrants from Chaozhou, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hakka communities since the 18th century—has been integrated, transformed, and localized within Thai society. Through language, religion, festivals, and cuisine, the Chinese diaspora has significantly shaped Thailand’s cultural landscape.Focusing on five major festivals—Spring Festival, Qingming, Dragon Boat, Mid-Autumn, and the Nine Emperor Gods Festival—the study reveals varied levels of localization. The Spring Festival has become a nationwide celebration; Dragon Boat and Mid-Autumn remain family- and community-centered; Qingming reflects ancestral and environmental values; and the Nine Emperor Gods Festival has evolved into a vegetarian festival that blends Taoist and Buddhist traditions.Chinese cuisine, including Hainanese chicken rice, youtiao, buns, and dim sum, has deeply integrated into Thai daily life. These foods have been diffused widely through markets and media, promoting not only cultural exchange but also enhancing cultural identity and cross-cultural understanding.Using document analysis, surveys, and interviews, the research compares the perspectives of Thai nationals, Thai Chinese, and new immigrants. Findings highlight how festivals and food function as key dimensions of cultural adaptation and localization, offering insights into multiculturalism and global cultural exchange.